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AN EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF PERSONAL SELLING ON INSURANCE PRODUCTS SALES: A CASE STUDY OF SALES MADE AT SANLAM LIFE INSURANCE LIMITED NAKURU KENYA
(Management University of Africa, 2021-08) JAMES MURIUKI NDUNI
The main objective of the study is to evaluate the effects of personal selling on insurance product sales at Sanlam Life Insurance Limited Nakuru Kenya. The study specifically sought to determine the influence of the effect of personal selling on insurance product up take, effect of personal selling on insurance negotiation process, effects of face-to-face mode of selling on the quality of business procured and the effects of personal selling on sales process Sanlam Life Insurance Limited, Nakuru Kenya. The hierarchy of effects theory, right set of situation theory, and AIDAS Theory was used to guide the research. The study used a descriptive research design and targeted 450 Sanlam Insurance Company clients. A sample size of 10% of the target population (450) was used in the study, resulting in a total of 45 consumers. As a result, the study's sample size was 45 people. A census sample technique was used in the investigation. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data. The data was analyzed, and displayed in tables. From the findings, it was determined that no personal selling methods are in use. In addition, the salesperson meets the consumer requirement outlined in the script to a large extent. Instead of selling things separately or insignificantly, the company sells them as a package. furthermore, salespeople only loosely link product or service qualities to consumer benefits. Finally, salespeople should concentrate on recognizing and serving their customers' needs and desires to the greatest extent possible. The researcher went on to say that the firm is particularly good at negotiating high ambition sites. In addition, the company determines its competitors BTNA less efficiently. Sanlam effectively distributes information regarding priorities and preferences through negotiations. Negotiations at the company aids in the creation of very effective package deals. Finally, competitive negotiations are employed when negotiators require immediate outcomes. It was determined that the company uses defaces for face-to-face selling. Face-to-face selling is a successful method to employ. The effectiveness of face-to-face selling is also very strong. The salesperson was able to persuade the consumer by using an additional face-to-face technique of selling. According to the findings, personal selling has an impact on sales. The firm's financial performance has not improved as a result of personal selling. Furthermore, personal selling has not resulted in an increase in the firm's sales volume. Personal selling with a higher profit margin is a good idea. Finally, personal selling has resulted in speedier product and service movement. The study advised all insurance companies in Kenya to implement several personal selling tactics in order for them to increase and diversify their portfolios, avoid losses, and reduce costs, so increasing their competitiveness. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that all insurance firms in Kenya implement various personal selling tactics to enable them to develop and diversify their portfolios, avoid losses, and reduce costs, so increasing their competitiveness. Furthermore, the study suggested that systems selling tactics be implemented to improve operational efficiency and the decision-making process in order to improve performance. They should engage in compromise agreements on mutually sufficient solutions, reason,
and justice, which will lead to successful product sales. Also, in order to persuade customers, insurance companies should adopt and invest more in face-to-face selling. According to the survey, firms should work on increasing salesperson awareness in order to increase personal selling of insurance products. Future research should be conducted to determine the effects of technology on personal selling, according to the researchers. The researcher also suggests that such a study be carried out in other areas and businesses.
DETERMINANTS OF THE PURCHASING FUNCTION IN THE MOTOR INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF SIMBA CORPORATION LIMITED MOTOR DIVISION
(Management University of Africa, 2024-09) OMARIBA NICKY
The study aimed at finding out the determinants of the purchasing function in the motor industry with special reference to Simba Corporation Limited in Nairobi, Kenya. The study dealt with four
objectives which determine the effects of purchasing regulations on the purchasing function in the motor industry, to investigate the effects of information technology on the purchasing function in the motor industry, to examine how the purchasing ethics affects the purchasing function in the motor industry and lastly to determine how supplier management affects the purchasing function in the motor industry. The study employed a descriptive research approach because its goal is to identify the variables linked to certain events, results, circumstances, or behavioral patterns. The top-level management, middle level management, and supportive staff constituted the study's target group. A stratified random sample strategy was employed by the researcher. Tables, charts, and graphs were used to display the data after it had been analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The research found out that 77% of the respondents in Simba Corporation Limited embraced purchasing regulations as a means to better management of purchasing activities in the motor industry. 87% of those surveyed said that technology for information had improved communication among employees and is a means of reaching the set goals of the firm in the purchasing function. 87% of the respondents were of the view that purchasing ethics has had a great impact on the improvement of performance in the purchasing function in the motor industry. 73% of the respondents greatly believed that supplier management improves good service delivery to customers since the company is able to purchase their goods from reliable suppliers. The study recommended that purchasing regulations are vital in any organization that wants to ensure an improved management of the purchasing function, the use of IT in carrying out of purchasing activities must be embraced. Employees in the purchasing function must be encouraged to follow the purchasing code of conduct when carrying out purchasing activities. Supplier relationships must be well maintained to ensure the motor industry ability to purchase their products with ease.
THE EFFECTS OF DRUG AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE ON EMPLOYEES’ JOB PERFORMANCE AT THE WORK PLACES A CASE STUDY OF KENYA RIFLE KENYA ARMY
(Management University of Africa, 2022-01) FREDRIC BARASA OUMA
This study sought to determine if drug and substance abuse affects job performance with reference to the Kenya Rifle Kenya Army. The specific objectives aimed at assessing the
effect of drug and substance abuse on workplace behavior change, the level of productivity on employees at the Kenya Rifle Kenya Army. The theories of social cognitive and reinforcement were applied in this study. The study population was 106 Kenya Rifle Kenya Army employees that were selected through the application of snowball sampling method. The selection of the basic informants like heads of departments and managers was enhanced through purposive sampling method. The primary data was collected by use of questionnaires. The use of SPSS version 22 was applied in the descriptive data analysis. The research findings revealed that, drug and substance abuse affects the performance of employees in negative manner. The study concludes that, drug and substance abuse results to high employee absenteeism and decreases the level of employee productivity at the Rifle Kenya Army. The researcher recommends that, there is a need for the management of the Rifle Kenya Army to formulate an effective policy on drug and substance abuse. The organizational management should also consider the implementation of various training and workshop seminars on drug and substance abuse to help it employees to be aware of the negative effect associated with drug and substance abuse and also find measures on how best to help the already affected employees to recover.
ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITIES AND MARKET PERFORMANCE OF MOBILE OPERATORS IN KENYA: A CASE OF SAFARICOM PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY
(Management University of Africa, 2021-11) DENIS RADONJI
Due to the intense competitive environment in the mobile communications industry, most organizations are compiled to review their strategies to align with use of technology, appropriate leadership style and business innovation in order to compete both locally and globally. The aim and justification of this study was to examine, investigate and determine the influence of technology adoption, leadership style, business innovation and the firm competitiveness on market performance of mobile operators in Kenya. The study was anchored on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) theory, supported by Stakeholder theory and Michael Porter Five Forces Model. The study targeted a population of 402 respondents. Stratified random and simple random sampling techniques were adopted to arrive at a sample size of 197 respondents. The study adopted the descriptive research design; the primary data was collected using structured questionnaire as a tool from a sample size of 197 respondents. The data collected was then be verified, coded and analyzed by use of software SPSS version 26. From the reliability statistics the tool had a Cronbach's Alpha 0.886 which confirmed that the tool was reliable and valid from the pilot test done with 20 respondents who did not participate in the final data collection. From the study findings, technology adoption, leadership style, business innovation and firm competitiveness, all had positive correlation with the market performance. Both correlation and Regression analysis established that leadership style, business innovation and firm competitiveness had a strong positive significance to the market performance with (p=0.000). The regression analysis showed that there was a positive significant correlation to market performance. Technology adoption (p = 0.294) had a weak significance on market performance while
leadership style (p = 0.004), business innovation (p = 0.002) and firm competitiveness (p = 0.000) had a strong positive significance on market performance since the p-values were less than 0.05. Due to financial and time constraints, the research could not be conducted with the other two mobile operators, Airtel Kenya and Telkom Kenya, to have a comparative study to determine whether the results of the study could be in line with the findings from the Safaricom PLC one. It was noted that the study faced some challenges during data collection due to the effect of Covid-19 pandemic which in many cases delayed consent for data collection and could not allow other methods of data collection to be adopted such as one-one interview and explanations about the research to the respondents. It is recommended that more study need to be done on the other factors that influence market performance other than the four variables. Likewise, the impact of technology adoption on the market performance needs to be investigated further as it had lower coefficient and was established not to be significant.
EFFECTS OF MICROFINANCE SERVICES ON EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS: A CASE OF KIBERA CONSTITUENCY, NAIROBI COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2015-09) LYDIAH WANJIRU MWANGI
Microfinance enterprises are actively involved in the provision of financial services and the management of small amount of money through a range of products and a system of
intermediary functions that target low-income clients especially women. It includes loans, savings, insurance, transfer services and other financial products and services. The purpose of the study will be to establish the influence of microfinance access on empowerment of women enterprises among the women enterprises in Kibera Constituency. The objectives of the study were; to determine the influence of credit facilities on the empowerment of women entrepreneurs, to determine the influence of micro finance savings on the empowerment of the women entrepreneurs and to establish the influence of micro finance training on the empowerment of the women entrepreneurs. The findings of this study are useful to policy makers and institutions especially those in the microfinance services to develop policy framework which will take care of gender issues in micro financing in Kenya. The information gathered is useful to improve the lot
of Kenyan women who form the larger per cent of the total current population of over forty million Kenyans. The study was carried out in Kibera constituency; the target population was women entrepreneurs in Kibera Constituency where the target population was 210. The study deployed the use of Questionnaires to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequency, means, proportions and standard deviation was used in the analysis of the data. Research data was analyzed using Statistic Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and the results presented in form of tables, pie charts and bar charts. Out of the targeted 210 respondents, one hundred and seventy-nine (179) responded by completing the questionnaires. This is a response rate of 85%. The researcher recommends that: the government should provide subsidies to microfinance institutions to cover the operational cost and provide the women borrowers
financial services with cheap credit; microfinance institutions should increase credit advances and the loan administration process to be made more user-friendly; microfinance institutions should provide entrepreneurial and business skills trainings to women before start operationalizing their microenterprises; and lastly, microfinance institutions should relax or simply procedures for securing loans as well as allowing women to use collateral assets that are readily available to them.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE GROWTH OF INSURANCE PRODUCTS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTREPRISES (SMES) IN KENYA. A CASE STUDY OF LEATHER INDUSTRIES OF KENYA
(Management University of Africa, 2024-08) KISOI KEVIN MUSYOKA
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) significantly benefit from insurance coverage, particularly through protection and risk transfer. However, a substantial gap exists in understanding the factors that influence the adoption and growth of insurance products within this sector. Despite the evident advantages, the growth of insurance among SMEs remains relatively low compared to larger corporations. This raises concerns about the factors shaping SMEs' decisions regarding insurance coverage. This study specifically focused on Kenya's leather enterprises, aiming to recognize and evaluate the factors influencing the growth of insurance in SMEs. The study's objectives were to examine the impact of risk management, the nature of products, information and communication technology (ICT), and reputation on insurance growth. Using a descriptive research design, the study targeted 400 management-level employees at the Leather Industries of Kenya. Stratified random sampling selected 40 respondents, and data were collected via structured questionnaires. The findings revealed that 41% of respondents believe risk management affects insurance product growth to a great extent, while 28% see a moderate impact. This suggests that risk management is a critical factor in driving insurance growth. In terms of product nature, 87% of respondents agreed that it affects growth, with 44% believing it has a great extent of impact. Regarding Information and Communication Technology (ICT), 90% of respondents felt it positively impacts insurance growth, with 33% perceiving a great extent of influence. However, 17% believed ICT has no effect, reflecting varying levels of adoption and integration. Finally, reputation was seen as a crucial determinant of insurance growth, with 83% of respondents acknowledging its significance. Among them, 41% believed reputation affects growth to a great extent. In conclusion, risk management, the nature of insurance products, ICT, and reputation are key factors influencing insurance growth in SMEs. To enhance insurance penetration, companies should focus on robust risk management, product development, improving ICT infrastructure, and actively managing their reputation. Future research should investigate the role of digital platforms in building trust and compare traditional and new insurance models.
EFFECTS OF STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE FIRM PERFOMANCE. A CASE STUDY OF KENYA REVENUE AUTHORITY
(Management University of Africa, 2021-09) EZRA MAINA
The human resources of an association can be a wellspring of upper hand, given that the arrangements for overseeing individuals are coordinated with key business arrangements and
authoritative culture. The primary goal of this research is to investigate the impact of strategic human resource management methods on business performance. The specific aims of the study
are; to find the influence of training and development practices on firm performance, to identify the influence of compensation practices on firm performance, to find the impact of employee
relations on firm performance, and to identify the influence of recruitment practices on firm performance. The study employed both descriptive survey and naturalistic designs and the target
population were employees of Kenya's revenue authority. Stratified, simple random and snowball sampling techniques were utilized to choose respondents for the study. Questionnaires and
interviews were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The collected data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative techniques. The quantitative information was analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics including frequencies and rates to sum up information and it was introduced utilizing recurrence appropriation tables, pie outlines and reference charts. In the meantime, subjective information was coordinated into topics and dissected, utilizing accounts and direct citations of the respondents' perspectives, encounters, and data. According to 73 percent of respondents, using a supplier selection strategy in an organization helps to improve organizational performance. Training and development on performance helps to reduce operation
expenses for successful organizational performance, according to 60 percent. According to 61 percent of respondents, compensation based on performance provides a competitive edge to the
organization's performance. According to the findings, 58 percent of respondents believed that employee performance should be tied to procurement policy procedures, allowing for fair and
open competition. In terms of recruitment practice, the study found that using recruitment practice in an organization can help it perform better. Effective recruitment procedures aid human
resource management in organizations to a large extent, according to the conclusion. In the case of e-procurement, the conclusion was that performance training and development aids in the
reduction of operating costs for optimal organizational performance. It was also discovered that training and development greatly aids in the reduction of ordering time and follow-up in human
resources.
EFFECTS OF ENTREPRENEURAL TRAINING ON PERFORMANCE OF MICRO AND SMALL BUSINESSES: A CASE OF MURANG’A TOWN CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT.
(Management University of Africa, 2021-07) DAVID MACHARIA
The general objective of the study was to examine the influence of entrepreneurial training on performance of Micro and Small enterprises in the Central Business District of Murang’a Town.
The study specifically evaluated the influence of bookkeeping skills, budgeting, credit management skills and saving skills training influence performance of micro and small enterprises in the Central Business District of Murang’a Town. This study made use of descriptive research design to answer questions concerning the effect of entrepreneurial training on the performance of micro and small enterprises. The target population for this study was 152 owners/managers of micro and small enterprises operating in CBD of Murang’a Town. Stratified random sampling was used to select a representative sample of 46 respondents representing 30% of the target population. Questionnaires were used to collect data which was then tabulated and analyzed using percentages and descriptive statistics like mean. Qualitative data from the open- ended questions was analyzed on the basis of various themes and presented in narrative form and
prose. The study revealed from majority (75%) of the respondents that they never practiced any bookkeeping in their businesses before the training. It was however revealed (Mean=2.225) that
skills in maintaining the debtors and creditors ledgers have helped them in the expansion endeavors. The study also established that majority (87.5%) of the respondents never did
budgeting before the training. It was found out that (mean=1.575) that preparation of budgets enhances the financial performance of small and medium businesses. In relation to whether or
not the respondents had a credit management program before the entrepreneurial training, majority (80%) of the respondents indicated that they never had a credit management program in
place before the training. As concerns saving skills training, majority (62%) did not have savings plans before the financial literacy training, while the rest (38%) had savings plans before the
training. It was found out that 50% of the respondents do not have up to date savings records while another half of the respondents (50%) do not have their savings records up to date. The
study concludes that bookkeeping has a big role to play in enhancing the financial management skills of the small businesses owners making it easy for them to have adequate cash flows for
performance of micro and small enterprises. It was also concluded that the managers of micro and small enterprises have an idea what bookkeeping is given that some of them were able to
prepare creditors ledger and debtors Ledger. The study recommended that the management of micro and small enterprises should give equal emphasis to all books of account. The managers
should also hire professionals at a fee to help them prepare thee books for enhanced financial management and performance of micro and small enterprises. Financial institutions can
continually assist business managers in the preparation of the required books before advancing loans to them. It was also recommended that the managers/owners of micro and small enterprises need to involve employees in the budgeting process. This will help in ensuring the success of the entire process. The study further recommended for the management of micro and small enterprises to be attending similar trainings to sharpen their budgeting skills which in turn help them to repay their loans. The researcher recommended that a similar study be done on any other training programs like that of Equity Bank foundation to compare the findings.
EFFECT OF BANKING AGENCES ON CLIENT CONTENTMENT: A CASE STUDY ON EQUITY BANK OF KENYA NAIROBI CITY AGENTS
(Management University of Africa, 2024-09) AKACH KEVIN OGWALO
This research looks into how consumer satisfaction in Kenya's banking industry is affected by banking agencies. banking agencies enables banks to expand their services through third-party
agents, such as retail stores and mobile money providers. It was established to increase convenience and improve client happiness. By offering basic banking services to the unbanked
and underbanked people, this strategy is critical for boosting inclusion of finances, especially in neglected and rural areas. The research commences stating a historical perspective on banking
agencies and its relevance by exploring how it had come to be, the level of accessibility as well efficiency in terms of reaching out to clients. They examine the theoretical and empirical
landscape in more detail while identifying areas requiring further work and providing a conceptual structure for guiding inquiry. A complete an explanation of the research method
including design, target population, sampling strategies, data collection tools and processes as well as analytic techniques to guarantee a scientific methodology conducted according to
established ethical standards. The findings of the research also highlight key factors that impact client contentment such as reliability in transactions, ease of access to BANK personnel, and
standard for service quality. The research uncovered patterns and trends that expose the benefits and challenges of banking agencies. The results discussion aims to understand the reason for
acting as agent banking in the Kenyan baking sector compared with the findings of prior studies. The report ends with doable suggestions for improving banking agencies' efficacy for banks,
legislators, and other stakeholders. It makes recommendations for enhancing security protocols, agent training, and service delivery. Proposed research areas aim to bridge the identified
knowledge gaps and enhance comprehension of the transformative effect of banking agencies on enhancing client contentment. Considering all, this research provides useful knowledge about the effectiveness of banking agencies in Kenya and how it leads to greater client satisfaction. The advice and recommendations are intended to help the banks in consolidating their products,
promoting financial inclusion as well reinforcing a wide-spread expansion and sustainability of the banking sector within Kenya.
FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH OF LIFE INSURANCE FIRMS IN KENYA. CASE STUDY OF BRITAM LIFE INSURANCE
(Management University of Africa, 2021-06) WESLEY NYABUTO
There is a need for a study that analyzes and assesses the likely contribution to this lackluster trend. As of 2018, there are 14 life insurance insurance firms in Kenya including Seven
composite insurance firms (providing combined term and general assurance). In Kenya, only Britam Life recognized and authorized life insurance providers were examined. Each of the life
insurance companies were able to identify 54 salespeople through qualitative research. The scientist handed out a standardized interview question to the participants, who were instructed to
fill it out. In order to show the results, tables and graphs were utilized to assess the answers using descriptive and inferential statistical approaches. On professional sales, the study
concluded that research and development leads to increase in life insurance. The conclusion determined that that innovation assists in increased penetration of life insurance to a great
extent. On sales promotion, the conclusion was that extra packages affect the sales volume of an organization. It was also concluded that voluntary training leads to increased awareness of life
insurance at a great extent. On affordability, the study noted that affordability influences the increased life insurance covers. Also, the conclusion was that affordability leads to improved
sales output. On government regulation, the conclusion agreed that enacted laws influence the setting up of life insurance to a large extent. The conclusion also noted that that regulatory
framework increases the performance of life insurance firms. It is possible to make some recommendations based on this research: In order to ensure that the services provided too medical
insurance customers by the salespeople are valuable and delivered in the best possible manner, the Association of Kenya Insurers (AKI) must educate its delegates on how to get the highest
suitable mentoring. In order to maximize value for its customers, the life insurers should ensure adequate personal selling and billing. It is important that the insurers work really hard as well as
competitively to guarantee that their services are widely used and to educate the public about the benefits of their life insurance solutions. When it comes to growing their business, life insurers
use micro insurance as one of their methods of doing so. If the Insurance Regulatory Authority (IRA) wants to achieve maximum growth, it should devise a set of mechanisms for monitoring
the life insurance industry. Effective oversight of the business would guarantee a competitive market and eliminate ethically questionable practices and methods.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PREVALENCE OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY AMONG (15-19YEARS) IN NYANDO SUB COUNTY, KISUMU COUNTY, KENYA
(Management University of Africa, 2024-09) ALOO ZADDOCK STEPHENE OUSA
Sub-Saharan Africa has one of the highest levels of teenage pregnancies in the world. In spite of that, there is paucity of research on causes of teenage pregnancies in African countries. Teenage pregnancies and the eventual dropping out of school have been and still is a major problem bedeviling the education sector in many parts of developing countries. This study investigates the influence of cultural factors, economic factors, peer group pressure and social media on teenage pregnancies among adolescent and young mothers seeking maternal and child health services in public hospital in Nyondo Sub County. The study was hinged on two theories; Ronnenbergs Ecological Development theory and Albert Banduras Social Learning Theory. The study employed descriptive survey research design. Target population were; Adolescent and Young mothers 1439, Clinicians 190 and MOH officers 10. The sample size was of 303 (n=303) from adolescent and young mothers and 57 (n=57) clinicians from 2 sub-counties public hospital and 1 public health center and 10 MOH officers that were selected to participate in the study. Stratified sampling and random sampling were used to pick the respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect data from Clinicians and the adolescent and young mothers while an interview guide was used to collect data from MOH officers at the Sub County head office. Data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using SPSS version 21.0. The findings reveal that cultural
beliefs strongly support early childbearing responsibilities for young women, with 80% of respondents in agreement. Extended family pressures enforcing traditional expectations on
childbearing was noted by 70% of participants. Lack of educational access due to financial constraints was highlighted by 17% of respondents, while 30% felt that families struggle
to provide reproductive health education. The perception of a direct link between economics and sexual risk behaviors was evident, with 47% affirming that unstable economic conditions foster risky sexual behaviors. The role of electronic media in sexual health awareness yielded mixed responses. While only 23% viewed the internet and social media as sources of helpful information about sexual health, 50% believed it glamorizes teenage pregnancy. Despite some positive perceptions, such as 90% acknowledging the potential of electronic media in disseminating sexual health information, concerns about glamorization persist.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISING IN ENHANCING SALES VOLUME IN FINANCIAL SECTOR: A CASES STUDY OF EQUITY BANK
(Management University of Africa, 2021-08) CYNTHIA AJIAMBO WANYAMA
This study was to determine the role of social media advertising in enhancing sales volume in financial sector. The study considered the following objectives which were management skills, corporate image, management support as well as funding. The study will be significant to the management of the university as well as other researchers. The study adopted a descriptive research design with an intended population of 530 employees of the organization. Stratified sampling methodology was used to ascertain the right sample size of the study which was 80 respondents representing 15% of the target population. Data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively while presentation was done by use of tables and charts. From the study
findings majority of 84% agreed that management skills do affect social media advertising in enhancing sales volume in financial sector while a representation of 16% disagreed. On the other hand, corporate image does affect with a representation of 94% while 6% disagreed it does not affect social media advertising. Management support has an impact on social media advertising in enhancing sales volume in financial sector with a representation of 83% who agreed while 17% disagreed it does not affect. Finally on the representation, 90% of the respondents agreed that funding does affect social media advertising in enhancing sales volume in financial sector while 10% disagreed that it does not affect in anyway. Based on the analysis the researcher recommended that management skills should be reviewed regularly, and this should be done through training, workshops and seminars to improve the employee’s capability in the organization. The corporate image should be improved by the organization offering corporate social responsibility to the community that they operate for this will build the image of the organization. Management support influences the organization performance especially when it comes to social media advertising; therefore, the researcher recommended that management should be fully
involved in all decisions that relate to social media advertising in enhancing sales volume in financial sector. Funding for organization especially on social media advertising in enhancing sales volume needs to be enhanced for it will enable the organization to attract potential investors and even other corporate organizations.
EFFECT OF STIGMA ON ADHERENCE TO MEDICAL ADVICE AMONG MENTAL HEALTH PATIENTS: A CASE STUDY OF KAJIADO REFERRAL HOSPITAL IN KAJIADO COUNTY, KENYA
(Management University of Africa, 2025-11) VELLARY KWAMBOKA SAGWE
This study investigates the effect of stigma on adherence to medical advice among mental health patients at Kajiado Referral Hospital in Kajiado County, Kenya. The main objective was to examine how stigma influences patients’ adherence to prescribed treatment plans. Specifically, the study assessed the effects of perceived public stigma, self-stigma, family stigma and fear of labeling on adherence to medical advice. Findings are expected to inform interventions, policies and strategies to improve mental health outcomes in Kenya. A descriptive research design was employed, targeting 273 adult mental health patients aged 18 years and above diagnosed with common mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Using simple random sampling, 30% of the population was selected, yielding 82 respondents to ensure equal representation. Data were collected via structured questionnaires on a 5-point Likert scale, measuring perceived public stigma, self-stigma, family stigma, fear of labeling and adherence to medical advice. A pilot study involving 10% of the sample ensured reliability and validity of the instrument. Authorization was obtained from the Management University of Africa and Kajiado Referral Hospital, with trained research assistants facilitating administration and collection of questionnaires. Data were coded and analyzed using descriptive statistics in Microsoft Excel, including frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations and presented through tables, bar graphs and pie charts. Ethical considerations, including informed consent, voluntary participation, confidentiality, privacy and anonymity, were strictly observed. The study achieved a 92.7% response rate, with 76 respondents participating. Findings revealed high levels of perceived public stigma, with 53 respondents feeling judged by the community and 51 experiencing social avoidance. Self-stigma was significant, with 52 reporting lowered self-esteem and 51 engaging in self-isolation. Family stigma was noted, as 44 respondents experienced secrecy and emotional neglect, while fear of labeling affected 52 respondents who avoided disclosing their condition. Despite these barriers, 56 respondents adhered consistently to prescriptions, dosage instructions and appointments. The study concluded that perceived public stigma, self-stigma, family stigma and fear of labeling negatively influence adherence to medical advice, creating psychological and social barriers to effective treatment. Recommendations include implementing community awareness campaigns, sensitizing families, providing counseling to address self-stigma, establishing supportive and confidential healthcare environments and developing peer support networks. These interventions aim to reduce stigma, improve treatment adherence and enhance mental health outcomes among patients in Kenya.
STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF COMMUNITY PROJECTS IN KENYA:A CASE STUDY OF KENYA RED CROSS INTERGRATED COMMUNITY PROJECTS IN TANA RIVER COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2021-07) PATIENCE KADURIRA
The study purpose is to examine the influence of stakeholders’ involvement on the
sustainability of community projects in Kenya: A case study of Kenya Red Cross integrated community projects in Tana River County. The Kenya Red Cross Integrated Community Project in Tana River County is one such project. Specifically, the objective of the study is to assess the influence of project resource mobilization, project planning, project communication, and project monitoring and evaluation, and sustainability of integrated community projects. The study adopted a descriptive research design where a population of approximately 1419 stakeholders were
involved. The study used Slovin Formula to extract a sample size of 312. Furthermore, stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used to pick the respondents. Data was collected using questionnaire via electronic means. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found out that resource mobilization, project planning and project communication and monitoring and evaluation influenced sustainability of community project albeit at a varying degree and that project resource mobilization, project planning, project
communication, and monitoring and evaluation were statistically significant. Moreover, the study concluded that resource mobilization, project planning and project communication and monitoring, and evaluation influenced sustainability of community project. The study concluded that project planning and project communication were statistically significant and positively related. However, resource mobilization, monitoring, and evaluation depicted statistically significant and negative relationship. The study concluded that project resource mobilization had a significant influence on sustainability of community projects and negatively related. The study recommends project stakeholders to adopt a wide variety of resource mobilization
tools, and establishment of key structures and developing framework to help facilitate the coordination of community-wide efforts as well as establishment of an effective and coordinated communication process involving all relevant agencies and individuals with interest in community projects.