TECHNOLOGY AS THE CATALYST FOR ACHIEVING NET-ZERO CARBON EMISSIONS

Abstract

This study investigates the critical role of technological advancements in achieving a low carbon future, focusing on renewable energy innovations, digital solutions, and carbon capture technologies. The research addresses the problem of persistent greenhouse gas emissions despite international climate agreements and explores the potential of technologies such as advanced solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, and next-generation battery storage to decarbonize energy systems. Digital tools, including artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data analytics, are identified as key enablers of energy efficiency, resource optimization, and smarter energy management systems. Additionally, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, such as direct air capture, are highlighted as essential for offsetting emissions in hard-to-abate sectors like heavy industry and aviation. The key objectives of this study are to evaluate the role of technology in achieving net-zero carbon emissions, identify barriers and challenges in the implementation of these technologies, and explore potential solutions to accelerate progress. The study’s target population includes 200 policymakers, 100 technology developers, and 150 stakeholders in the energy sector. Theoretical frameworks such as the Technological Innovation Systems Theory and the Diffusion of Innovations Theory are used to understand how technological advancements can be adopted and scaled. Using a qualitative research design, data was collected from peer-reviewed journals, case studies, and policy reports, analyzed thematically to identify trends, challenges, and opportunities. Key findings reveal that 70% of respondents acknowledge the immense potential of technology to drive the net-zero agenda, but 60% report barriers such as high implementation costs, infrastructure gaps, and unequal access in developing countries as significant challenges. Additionally, 50% of the respondents emphasize the need for public private partnerships to overcome these barriers. Recommendations focus on fostering these partnerships, enhancing global cooperation, and implementing equitable policies to scale innovative solutions. By addressing these aspects, this study underscores the transformative potential of technology in achieving a sustainable and climate-resilient future.