MASTERS IN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT MML

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PSYCHOSOCIAL CHALLENGES FACING WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN KENYA: A SURVEY OF KAKAMEGA COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2020-08) AMBUNDO LYSTONE SACHIEL
The general objective of the study is to establish the psychosocial challenges women face in political leadership in Kakamega County Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the effect of marginalization on women participation in political leadership; to determine the effect of patriarchal biases on women participation in political leadership; to find out the influence of lack of family support on women participation; to investigate the effect of political barriers on women participation in political leadership. This study adopted correlation design where both quantitative and qualitative data was collected. The target population comprised of women political leaders who participated in political leadership in Kakamega County. The census of all the 48 women was sampled, with data collected using questionnaires. Data analysis was aided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23. Qualitative data was analyzed by narrative reporting, while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The response rate was at 91.67 % which was above average and sufficient to continue with the data analysis. Marginalization had a positive linearly significant influence on participation of women in political leadership. Women participating in elective positions are considered as unruly characters in society with society dissuading women from elective positions. Patriarchal biases had a positive linearly significant influence on participation of women in political leadership. Family support had a positive linearly significant influence on participation of women in political leadership. The findings established that women rarely get financial backing from the family members for elective positions with financing of women for political leadership viewed as waste of resources. The study established that political barriers had a positive linearly significant influence on participation of women in political leadership. Political barriers was the most important factor in influencing participation of women in political leadership followed by marginalization, family support and the least was patriarchal biases. The study concluded that political barriers were the most important factor in diminishing participation of women in political leadership. The study concluded that marginalization is a common feature in diminishing the prospects of women participation in elective positions. The study concluded that for women to succeed and fully participate in politics, fighting and overcoming patriarchal obstacles is a necessity in order to achieve the 30% quota desired by the constitution. The study concluded that support of women by family and society at large is an important component of empowering women aspiration and prospect for participation in politics. The study recommendation is that since marginalization is a common challenge, there is need for positive social change to educate public on elimination of discrimination to support equity for women to participate fully in the political process. The study recommended that to overcome patriarchal biases and ensure fairness in political participation of women, measures should be taken to compensate for historical and political psychosocial disadvantages that prevent women from participation in politics. The study recommended that to reinvigorate family support for women participation in politics, economic empowerment of women, education and access to information, may act as an effective tool. On areas for further studies and for comparative analysis, the study on psychosocial challenges women face in political leadership in Kakamega County Kenya may be cascaded to other regions in Kenya.
ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITIES AND MARKET PERFORMANCE OF MOBILE OPERATORS IN KENYA: A CASE OF SAFARICOM PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY
(Management University of Africa, 2021-11) DENIS RADONJI
Due to the intense competitive environment in the mobile communications industry, most organizations are compiled to review their strategies to align with use of technology, appropriate leadership style and business innovation in order to compete both locally and globally. The aim and justification of this study was to examine, investigate and determine the influence of technology adoption, leadership style, business innovation and the firm competitiveness on market performance of mobile operators in Kenya. The study was anchored on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) theory, supported by Stakeholder theory and Michael Porter Five Forces Model. The study targeted a population of 402 respondents. Stratified random and simple random sampling techniques were adopted to arrive at a sample size of 197 respondents. The study adopted the descriptive research design; the primary data was collected using structured questionnaire as a tool from a sample size of 197 respondents. The data collected was then be verified, coded and analyzed by use of software SPSS version 26. From the reliability statistics the tool had a Cronbach's Alpha 0.886 which confirmed that the tool was reliable and valid from the pilot test done with 20 respondents who did not participate in the final data collection. From the study findings, technology adoption, leadership style, business innovation and firm competitiveness, all had positive correlation with the market performance. Both correlation and Regression analysis established that leadership style, business innovation and firm competitiveness had a strong positive significance to the market performance with (p=0.000). The regression analysis showed that there was a positive significant correlation to market performance. Technology adoption (p = 0.294) had a weak significance on market performance while leadership style (p = 0.004), business innovation (p = 0.002) and firm competitiveness (p = 0.000) had a strong positive significance on market performance since the p-values were less than 0.05. Due to financial and time constraints, the research could not be conducted with the other two mobile operators, Airtel Kenya and Telkom Kenya, to have a comparative study to determine whether the results of the study could be in line with the findings from the Safaricom PLC one. It was noted that the study faced some challenges during data collection due to the effect of Covid-19 pandemic which in many cases delayed consent for data collection and could not allow other methods of data collection to be adopted such as one-one interview and explanations about the research to the respondents. It is recommended that more study need to be done on the other factors that influence market performance other than the four variables. Likewise, the impact of technology adoption on the market performance needs to be investigated further as it had lower coefficient and was established not to be significant.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN STATE CORPORATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS (KEBS)
(Management University of Africa, 2021-10) BEATRICE CHEPKIRUI LUGADIRU
The main objective was to examine the corporate governance practices and employee performance in state corporations, a case study of Kenya Bureau of Standards with specific objectives being; to examine the influence of leadership structure, corporate reporting, board composition and ethical code of conduct on employee performance at Kenya Bureau of Standards. The study findings will be used as a reference by other researchers in the field of leadership and employee performance and will provide a critical examination on corporate governance practices and employee performance in Kenya. The study is guided and anchored on the following theoretical foundations; stakeholder theory, agency theory, and stewardship theory. The study's main anchor theory was stakeholder theory. Descriptive research design was adopted for conducting the study that targets a population of 1000, and a sample size of 100 that was selected using stratified random sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires. The pilot study was conducted using 10 employees who were randomly selected from the target population and the quantitative data was analyzed using simple statistics and SPSS. The data was presented using tables and figures. Inferential statistics was used for showing how variables are related (regression and correlations). The study used the Pearson correlation matrix. The study established that leadership structure and employee performance are primarily related, and leadership structures are an important factor that determines employee performance and there is a strong correlation. The study concludes that leadership structure statistically and significantly affects employee performance. The study analyzed the connection between employee performance and independent variables (leadership structure, corporate reporting, board composition, and ethical code of conduct) the findings show that the variation in employee performance is explained by leadership structure, corporate reporting, board composition, and ethical code of conduct. The researcher recommends that the ministry of industrialization should work hand in hand with KEBS management should create a chain of command that designates who each employee directly reports to. This cautions and prevents departments from competing and transferring employees anyhow. Titles and positions in all departments should be in line with KEBS organizational structure and Staff Establishment to prevent confusion. The Board of Directors and Management of KEBS should know that corporate reporting is an integral part of organizational success and therefore the study recommends that management of any organization such as KEBS should develop an organizational culture that is honest and reports income and expenditure without fear or favor, annual reports should be readily available for all employees and members of the public. Based on the findings of this study, the conclusion, and subsequent recommendation, there is a need for a further study on corporate governance and employee performance in state corporations in Kenya whereby the study should seek to provide more insights on the current study findings and validate these findings.
LEADERSHIP STYLES AND MANAGEMENT OF CHURCH YOUTH DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA; A SURVEY OF SELECTED PENTECOSTAL CHURCHES IN NYERI TOWN SUB COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2020-09) GATHUMA JANE MUTHONI
This study was undertaken on leadership styles and management of church youth development in Kenya, a survey of selected Pentecostal churches in Nyeri Town Subcounty. The objectives of the study were to assess the influence of transformational leadership style, democratic leadership style, strategic leadership style and the servant leadership style and management of church youth development in selected Pentecostal churches in Kenya. The study used strategic leadership theory, transformational leadership theory and servant leadership theory. The study was anchored on transformative leadership theory as church leaders are able to inspire followers to change expectations, perceptions, and motivations in order to work towards common goals. The study used a descriptive survey research design, where the target population was purposively selected. The study used census method where data was collected using self-administered questionnaires from 57 youth officials, with 48 of them responding sufficiently from the seven selected Pentecostal churches in Nyeri Town Sub-County. The study findings were that transformational leadership style was the most significant variable, followed by strategic leadership style, then servant leadership style and finally democratic leadership style. The study concluded that once youth are taught on the leadership skills and roles in the church system, they can assume the leadership position with confidence and certainty; strategic leadership style triggers the youth to be future oriented thereby allowing their development on the church affairs which leads to increased management of church youth while youth officials have the requisite skills for management of church systems, but their capacity is not embraced in church activities by the selected Pentecostal churches in Nyeri Town Sub County. The study recommended that youth need engagement in teaching, training and supervising them while undertaking the church activities; for democratic leadership style study advocated for avenues of skills impartation, capacity building programmed and inclusion of the youth in church decision making; strategic leadership style called for church youth leadership to organize meetings, gather relevant data on leadership, and participate in designing, implementing and reviewing of church policies; and for servant leadership style the study recommended that there is need for environment diversity of youth opinions coupled by church youth participation, cultivating a culture of inclusivity and trust of the youth in the affairs of the church, and managing the church youth development through the persuasion and creating incentives for the youth that triggers their leadership in selected Pentecostal churches in Nyeri Town Sub County. The study recommends that for comparative analysis the same study can be replicated to other regions in Kenya and in other churches.
SERVICESCAPE, STAFF MOTIVATION AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA: A SURVEY OF MOMBASA COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2020-09) ARIF GULAMHUSSEIN
The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between services cape and employee performance in commercial banks in Kenya by conducting a survey in Mombasa County. Specifically, the study endeavored to determine the relationship between ambient conditions and employee performance, to determine the relationship between spatial layout and employee performance; to determine the relationship between signage and employee performance and to establish whether services cape leads to motivation of employees leading to employee performance in commercial banks in Kenya. The study adopted a mixed correlational design. The population of the study comprised of all individuals in employment with commercial banks based in Mombasa County. The primary data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire obtained from one hundred and fifty (150) participants. To help in the determination of the relationship between services cape and employee performance, a regression model was used. The study found out that commercial banks largely put in place measures to ensure ambient working conditions, spatial layout dimensions of services cape and adopted the use of signage to a large extent. Further, it was found out that employee motivation moderates the relationship between services cape and employee performance. The study also found out that spatial layout and employee performance had a low positive significant correlation while employee motivation and employee performance was found to have a moderate positive and significant correlation and the correlation. The study also found out that ambient conditions and employee performance have a low positive but non-significant correlation while at the same time, signage and employee performance have a low positive but insignificant correlation. The regression analysis found a significant relationship between services cape and employee performance. The study therefore concluded that there is a significant relationship between services cape and employee performance. The study also concluded that commercial banks have adopted services cape dimensions including spatial layout, ambient conditions and signage. Regarding employee motivation, the study concluded that the commercial banks realized improved employee motivation due to services cape by reducing stress levels, improving the self-esteem of employees, reduction of levels of absenteeism and reduction of staff turnover. The researcher recommends that managers of commercial banks should find mechanisms of improving the initiation and use of services cape dimensions. This is because banks are often the focus of the public and hence must provide a good services cape to attract them into banking, besides improving market share. The researcher also recommends that the commercial banks should create effective services cape elements such as ambient condition, space function, sign, symbols and artifacts.
MANAGERIAL ROLES AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN PUBLIC TRAINING INSTITUTIONS IN KENYA: CASE STUDY OF THE KENYA SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT, BARINGO CAMPUS
(Management University of Africa, 2020-11) EDDAH CHEPKURUI CHERUIYOT
The limited ease of managerial support, ineffective communication, inadequate training, stalled stakeholder input or involvement has been zeroed in as areas of concern in change management in particular with Government institutions. This study aimed to evidence contextually by assessing the role of managers in implementing technological change in an organization at the Kenya School of Government. The study was motivated by the concern of slow and abnormal resistance witnessed with emerging technological changes aimed at transforming the performance of organization. Institutions of learning are knowledge management centered and therefore, utilization of recent technologies to stem up performance such as efficiency, employee performance, corporate relationships and internal knowledge management mechanisms is integral. The limited ease of managerial support, ineffective communication, inadequate training, stalled stakeholder input or involvement have been zeroed in as areas of concern in change management in particular with Government institutions. Therefore, this study was poised to examine the effect of environment, , managerial behavior, and the extent to which training contributes influenced technological change at the Kenya School of Government. Resource based Theory, Lewin’s Three-step Change Theory, The Dynamic Capability Theory, Knowledge-Based Theory, and Managerial Hegemony Theory guided this study. The study adopted descriptive research design in undertaking this study. The study was conducted at the Kenya School of Government covering 178 employees who are staffers at the institution. Through, simple random sampling technique, the study sampled 50% of the target population to inform and respond to the questionnaire which is the main research instrument for data collection. The study utilized descriptive statistic design to analyze on data collected from the field. Presentation of results was in form of graphs, charts and tabulated tables with respective interpretations and discussions provided. The study found out that there is an effect of environment, communication, managerial behavior, and training on the implementation of technological changes of institutions. The study is important to the departments, Agencies, County and National Governments in Kenya, the Council and management of the Kenya School of Government, staffers and technological service providers, academicians and researchers with interest in change management, leadership and general management of public.
CORPORATEGOVERNANCEANDFINANCIALPERFORMANCEOF COMMERCIALBANKS INMACHAKOSCOUNTY,KENYA
(Management University of Africa, 2023-10) SHADRACK MBITHI NDETO
The banking industry in Kenya and the world by extension is characterized by ever changing and turbulent competitive business environment in terms of products and services offered to their customers all geared towards the commercial bank's performance. To overcome the above strains and remain profitable commercial banks need to adopt corporate governance practices that would aid them enhance their performance. This will make identification and pursuit of the right corporate governance practices as a source of superior performance to become a predominant priority in all organizations nevertheless the application of the right corporate governance practices is still a concern in most of the commercial banks. Hence, the purpose of the research was to examine how the services provided by commercial banks in the country affects the customers' satisfaction, regulatory framework compliance, employee motivation and retention, and overall transparency and accountability. Between January 2023 and August 2023, researchers in Machakos County gathered data. The anchor theory of the research was stakeholder theory and agency theory, and stewardship theory were supporting theories. Data was gathered using surveys utilizing a descriptive research methodology. Commercial banks in Machakos County were the focus of this research. Because of its central location within the metro area and its excellent infrastructure, Machakos County was chosen due to the region's tremendous economic potential. Machakos county has a total of 26 commercial banks spread across its 9 sub counties and were all involved in the study. The data collection tool was piloted in Makueni County. Collected data was coded and entered into the SPSS version 22 program; the tool that aided in data analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to summaries the data including percentages and frequencies. Tables and other graphical presentations deemed appropriate were used to present the data collected for ease of understanding and analysis. Pearson correlation was used to test the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Both the correlation and regression results were used to establish whether any form of influence between transparency and accountability, employee motivation and retention, regulatory framework compliance, customer satisfaction and performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study found out that there exists a positive relationship between the specific aspects of corporate governance under study and the financial performance of commercial banks. these findings have also been related to the findings of another previous research. From the findings of the study, the research recommends that to ensure there is sufficient Compliance to Regulatory Framework the management of the commercial banks, the legislature and the central bank which is the supervising authority needs to put in place policies to ensure the bank is compliant to the provisions. This research recommends that further research be carried out in other locations as well as the supervisory authority to establish its commitment in ensuring that the corporate governance is fully complied with. Further the research recommends that, further research be carried out in other financial institutions such as insurance companies, micro finance institutions and savings and credit cooperative societies.
THE EFFECTS OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF MABATI ROLLING MILLS MARIAKANI, KILIFI COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2020-11) KIHUGWA MWANGA WYCLIFFE
The need for a comprehensive understanding of the connection between total quality management and customer satisfaction cannot be overstressed. Most Organizations all over the world have been trying to cope with a rapidly changing business environment in which management have to be more astute in finding ways to sustain or gain competitive advantage. Most manufacturing companies are now adopting Total Quality Management (TQM) and other new philosophies to become more effective in the way they conduct business. The relationship between TQM initiative and improved performance has been researched with mixed results. The mixed results are a pointer for a need for a study to establish the effect of TQM practices on the performance of organizations. Secondly, studies in Kenya have not focused on the effect of TQM on the performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya hence a knowledge gap. Objective of this study was to examine the effects of total quality management practices on organizational performance vis-à-vis continuous improvement, Customer Focus, employee empowerment and top management commitment in the manufacturing sector in Kenya, a case study of Mabati rolling mills Limited (MRM) at Marikana in Kilifi County. Literature review on previous theoretical and empirical study were done, theoretical review, critical review and summary as well as theoretical/ conception framework were done. Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study and primary data were collected with the use of open and closed questionnaire randomly selected respondents a sample of one hundred and forty-seven (147) randomly selected respondents from Top management (7), Middle management (12), General staffs (166), Bora Bora Authorized Distributor for Mabati Rolling Mills (5), external 10-month-old customers from Mombasa (18), Kilifi (14) and Kwale (11) Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, percentages, means and standard deviation were used. The study also used correlation and regression analysis to show the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. Presentation of the findings was done in figures, tables and charts. The study established that generally, the TQM practices of continuous improvement, Customer Focus, employee empowerment and top management commitment positively influenced the organizational performance. The study also established that continuous improvement directly influenced organizational performance, customer focus enhanced customer satisfaction which resulted into overall organizational performance. The study further established that employee empowerment influenced organizational performance. The study also established that top management commitment to quality management practices influenced organizational performance. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient at 0.05 level of significance, with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS 21.0). The study recommended that there was need for the organization to grow a stronger culture that nurtures high-trust social relationship, respect for individuals and a shared sense of membership. The study also recommends that continuous improvement should be one of the pillars upon which manufacturing firm ‘s performance can be guaranteed. The firms should enhance top management commitment to quality management through motivation and incentives. The study recommends that future studies test the effects of the other elements of total quality management practices on organizational performance that were not part of the current study.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRISIS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PERFOMANCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN KENYA; A SURVEY OF PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN NAIROBI.
(Management University of Africa, 2020-11) MOSES MUKURIA
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Crisis-Management (CM) and the pharmaceutical manufacturing firms’ performance. As such, the research examines the connection between CM and the performance of firms in Kenya’s pharmaceutical manufacturing companies. The study seeks to identify prevention of crisis influences pharmaceutical manufacturing companies performance; to explore the influence of crisis containment on pharmaceutical manufacturing company’s performance; to evaluate business communication affect pharmaceutical manufacturing company’s performance. The research relies on the descriptive survey design, where the study’s target population included 1 Managing director and 1 Chief finance officer from the 22 registered pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Nairobi County since they will provide response on different aspects of performance. This brought the total to 22 Managing directors and 22 chief finance officers. The total population was 44 respondents. Census was used for the study where 44 respondents. Firms were unit of analysis while the population was the unit of observation. A fact-based conclusion was made using primary research. Questionnaires were used to obtain primary data. Data analysis was done through SPSS Version 22.0 and the descriptive statistical methods which included the averages, mean and percentages. The data was presented through tables, bar graphs and pie charts. On whether activities are well planned during crisis, majority of respondents disagreed as evidenced by (M=2.0750; SD=0. 47434). On whether activities are well coordinated to handle crisis, majority of respondents disagreed as evidenced by (M= 1.9500; SD=0.95943). On whether activities are well coordinated to handle crisis, majority of respondents disagreed as evidenced by (M= 1.9500; SD=0.95943). The study recommended that to effectively detect crisis, pharmaceutical firms should have in place a team to analyze crisis before they happen. To effectively prevent crisis from happening, they should have clear plans on how to come out of crisis. The companies should have improved capacity and well-coordinated crisis management activities by regularly training and equipping staff with necessary equipment’s required to respond to crisis on time. The firms should ensure that the communication channels used to communicate crisis reaches many people. Suggestion for further study is recommended to identify other crisis management practices which can improve performance of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies. The study concluded that pharmaceutical company’s management did not take time to analyze the crisis in the organization. Pharmaceutical companies lack effective monitoring mechanisms. There was regular assessment by pharmaceutical companies to detect crisis. On whether crisis is well explained, companies tried to explain the crisis. There was no proper planning to prevent crisis from happening. There were no proper policies in place to enable pharmaceutical firms deal with crisis. There were no effective quality control measures in place to prevent crisis from occurring. Employees of pharmaceutical firms were not well equipped with skills that can enable them prevent crisis from happening. Pharmaceutical firms had put in place physical system has been put in place to handle crisis. There was regular audit on crisis management activities. Crisis containment activities were not well coordinated. There was no proper evaluation during crisis. Many pharmaceutical firms lacked capacity to handle crisis. There were no proper measures to prevent income loss in the company during crisis. Pharmaceutical firms have invested in proper monitoring activities which enable them monitor crisis. The communication channels used by pharmaceutical firms were not effective in communicating crisis. There was no effective communication between customers and pharmaceutical firms; this affected the ability to handle crisis on time. Further study was necessary to identify more crisis management practices.
FINANCIAL LEVERAGE AND PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF THE NATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANK OFAFRICA, NAIROBI
(2025-10) MOHAMED KASSIM MWAKAMPYA
Commercial banks' performance is largely determined by their financial leverage. This study investigated the effect of financial leverage on the performance of Kenya's NCBA Bank. It focused on credit risk management practices, the cost of debt, capital structure decisions, and interest rate volatility, all of which influenced the bank’s profitability, liquidity, and overall stability. The purpose of the study was to examine how credit risk management, cost of debt, capital structure, and interest rates affect financial performance. The research was anchored on three key financial theories: the Trade-Off Theory, the Pecking Order Theory, and the Agency Theory. A descriptive research design was adopted, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 148 employees, of which 136 responses were properly completed and analysed. Descriptive statistics showed that respondents generally agreed that credit risk management, cost of debt, and interest rate were key drivers of financial performance. Regression analysis revealed that credit risk management (β = 0.355, p = 0.001) and interest rate (β = 0.688, p = 0.028) had a significant positive influence on financial performance, while cost of debt (β = -0.479, p = 0.039) had a significant negative effect. Capital structure, however, had no statistically significant effect (β = 0.018, p = 0.959). The overall model was statistically significant (F = 5.675, p = 0.000) with an R-squared value of 0.148, indicating that the four independent variables explained 14.8% of the variation in financial performance at NCBA Bank. The study recommended that NCBA Bank strengthen its credit risk management frameworks, optimize the cost of borrowing through strategic debt sourcing, and enhance interest rate risk management to improve profitability. Although capital structure was not a significant predictor in this context, it was suggested that it be regularly reviewed to ensure financial stability. Future research was recommended to expand the study to include multiple banks for generalizability, consider additional financial and operational variables, adopt longitudinal designs, and possibly use mixed methods to uncover deeper insights into leverageperformance dynamics. These efforts would help build a broader and more nuanced understanding of financial performance in Kenya’s banking sector.