MASTERS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES MDS

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STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF COMMUNITY PROJECTS IN KENYA:A CASE STUDY OF KENYA RED CROSS INTERGRATED COMMUNITY PROJECTS IN TANA RIVER COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2021-07) PATIENCE KADURIRA
The study purpose is to examine the influence of stakeholders’ involvement on the sustainability of community projects in Kenya: A case study of Kenya Red Cross integrated community projects in Tana River County. The Kenya Red Cross Integrated Community Project in Tana River County is one such project. Specifically, the objective of the study is to assess the influence of project resource mobilization, project planning, project communication, and project monitoring and evaluation, and sustainability of integrated community projects. The study adopted a descriptive research design where a population of approximately 1419 stakeholders were involved. The study used Slovin Formula to extract a sample size of 312. Furthermore, stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used to pick the respondents. Data was collected using questionnaire via electronic means. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found out that resource mobilization, project planning and project communication and monitoring and evaluation influenced sustainability of community project albeit at a varying degree and that project resource mobilization, project planning, project communication, and monitoring and evaluation were statistically significant. Moreover, the study concluded that resource mobilization, project planning and project communication and monitoring, and evaluation influenced sustainability of community project. The study concluded that project planning and project communication were statistically significant and positively related. However, resource mobilization, monitoring, and evaluation depicted statistically significant and negative relationship. The study concluded that project resource mobilization had a significant influence on sustainability of community projects and negatively related. The study recommends project stakeholders to adopt a wide variety of resource mobilization tools, and establishment of key structures and developing framework to help facilitate the coordination of community-wide efforts as well as establishment of an effective and coordinated communication process involving all relevant agencies and individuals with interest in community projects.
ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN MAKUENI COUNTY. A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT PROJECTS IN KALAWA WARD.
(Management University of Africa, 2021-10) JANET NDUKU MUTUA
Despite the ever-increasing number of NGOs in Makueni County aimed at socio-economic empowerment of women, gender inequalities are persistent and poverty levels are high. According to Kenya Demographic and Health survey (KDHS, 2019) by Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) the level of poverty in Makueni County is estimated to be 34.8%. This is evident by low participation of women in decision making process, control over ownership and access of resources and wealth, increased poverty levels, increased cases of gender-based violence. This has necessitated the need to establish the role of NGOs in women empowerment in Makueni County. The specific objectives of the study are to establish the role of NGOs in financial inclusion of women, the creation of awareness on property rights for women, role of NGOs in income generating activities for women and finally the role NGOs play in the resource accessibility for women. The anchor theory for this study is the Women Empowerment Framework by Sara Longwe and the other theories used in the study include Kabeer's 3-dimensional model; the public goods theory of financial inclusion. The study population was 60 women groups in Kalawa ward, Makueni County who have benefited from the NGOs programs. The total number of respondents were 1254 and a sample size of 294 was used. Data collection was done by use of questionnaire and focus group discussions which entailed interviewing members of the women groups. Data analysis was done using SPSS and R programming software. The study adopted the descriptive, correlation and regression analysis. Qualitative data was coded into the specific objectives, and analysis was done through content analysis. Inferential statistics was used to test variable relationships while multiple linear regression analysis was used to explain the correlation between the variables. F-test ANOVA and t-test was used for these tests. Data is presented and visualized using charts and tables. The findings of the study are that financial inclusion, awareness creation on the right to own resources and property, income generating activities and resource availability influence women empowerment. The focus group discussions highlighted that the NGOs are doing very little in regard to awareness creation on the right of ownership of resources and property. The resources availability is another major challenge, and the NGOs have done very little about this. Women cited that discrimination, being left out of development agenda, illiteracy and patriarchal nature of the society as the major challenge. The study recommendations are that NGOs, National and County Governments to provide linkage to markets for the products from the income generating activities by women groups. Both Government and NGOs should develop frameworks to engage women in development agenda.
E-COMMUNICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN KENYA: A CASE OF TWO BUILDING CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES IN MOMBASA
(MUA, 2025-10) MUNUPE ROSE MBAIKA
The construction industry in Kenya is increasingly embracing digital communication tools to enhance coordination, collaboration, and efficiency in project delivery. This study, which focused on Mombasa County businesses, investigated the impact of e-communication tools on the execution of construction projects utilizing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the anchor theory. The study specifically investigated the influence of four digital platforms, Construction Dashboards, Digital Blueprints and Drawings, Electronic Document Management Systems (EDMS), and Project Management Software (PMS) on implementation indicators such as task efficiency, responsiveness, collaboration, and accountability. A descriptive research approach was used, and 57 respondents from particular construction companies were given structured questionnaires to complete in order to gather quantitative data. Multiple linear regression analysis was one of the descriptive and inferential statistics used in the data analysis process. The findings showed that the implementation of building projects was positively and statistically significantly impacted by all four e-communication tools. EDMS had the greatest influence (B = 0.282, p = 0.000), followed by PMS (B = 0.258, p = 0.000), Construction Dashboards (B = 0.183, p = 0.003), and Digital Blueprints andDrawings (B = 0.176, p = 0.001). The regression model demonstrated a strong explanatory power, with an R-squared value of 0.814, suggesting that 81.4% of the variation in project implementation could be explained by the combined effect of the e-communication tools. The study concludes that the adoption of digital communication technologies significantly enhances construction project implementation by improving information sharing, decision making, and accountability. It recommends that construction firms invest in digital infrastructure and employee training to fully exploit these technologies. Additionally, the National Construction Authority (NCA) should develop supportive policies and incentives to promote the widespread use of e-communication tools in the sector. Future research should expand the scope to include other regions and emerging technologies such as Building Information Modeling and mobile applications..
VALUE-ADDED PROGRAMMES AND PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF INCUBATED SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN KISUMU CITY
(MUA, 2025-10) DANIEL LEMAYIAN KITIYIA
This study examined the effect of value-added programmes on performance of SMEs within Kisumu City 's incubation programme. Specifically, the research aimed to assess the effect of innovation on performance of small and medium enterprises under the incubation programme, to evaluate the effect of capacity building on performance of small and medium enterprises within the incubation programme; to assess the effect of marketing support programme on SME performance; to evaluate the effect of networking on SME performance. It was grounded in the Social Exchange Theory, the Dynamic Capabilities Theory, and Porter’s Value Chain framework. A descriptive survey approach was adopted, targeting owners of 2,844 participants this include (2800 business owners in Kisumu involved in the incubation programme, as well as 44 staff members from regional enterprise support organisations). A sample of 323 respondents including (SMEs and field officers) were selected using the Miller and Brewer (2021) sample size formula. Data collection primarily involved a structured questionnaire, and a pilot study was conducted to assess the accuracy and validity of the instruments. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26, and Microsoft Excel. Measures of dispersion such as percentages, frequencies, means, and standard deviations were employed. Inferential statistical techniques, including regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson’s correlation, were used to determine the relationships between variables. The results indicated that most participants regarded innovation as a key driver of value addition, which subsequently affected SME performance. Capacity building was also identified as a means of supporting SMEs by equipping them with essential knowledge and skills. Additionally, marketing support and networking were recognised as significant contributors to the success of SMEs within the incubation programme. Further analysis demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between value-added programme and SME performance (r = 0.745, p < 0.05). It was also observed that a one-unit change in the independent variables resulted in a 55% change in SME performance, with 55.5% (R² = 0.555) of the variance explained. Regarding the model’s predictive capacity, the ANOVA test yielded an F-statistic (F = 65.634; p < 0.05), confirming that the model strongly indicated a correlation between value addition and SME performance. The study concluded that incubation programmes aimed at enhancing value addition among SMEs were crucial for improving their performance.
DETERMINANTS OF LOCALIZATION OF HUMANITARIAN AID IN KENYA: A SURVEY OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN WAJIR COUNTY
(MUA, 2025-09) ABDIRIZAK ABDI KONTOMA
Humanitarian has become an important sector in provision of the assistance to many disasters affected areas in the world. Humanitarian relief is the provision of the lifesaving assistance to those in the need including victims of conflicts and natural disasters. However, many non-governmental organizations offered humanitarian assistance as a short-term intervention, which in turn created dependency. The consequences of the above have been a less motivated pastoral population, reduced productivity in efforts to improve their social and economic well-being, and a psychological dependence on humanitarian aid, which has led to reduced innovation. The Main objective of this study is to examine the determinants of localization of humanitarian aid in Kenya a survey of Non- Governmental Organization in Wajir County and study the specific objectives are to establish how direct funding determines localization of humanitarian aid of NGO in Wajir County; to establish how partnership determines localization of humanitarian aid of NGO in Wajir County; to establish how leadership commitment determines localization of humanitarian aid of NGO in Wajir County and to establish how capacity building determines localization of humanitarian aid of NGO in Wajir County. Theories used in this study were Neo-institutional theory (anchor theory) and institutional theory. The study used correlational research design to determine degree and direction of the relationship between variables. This research was conducted in Wajir county to provide a relevant and practical context for the study. The study target population was 280 employees of 9 NGOs operating in Wajir County, and the sample size was 85 respondents that was randomly selected from the target population. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection tool. Pilot study questionnaire was administered to 10% of the target population who were not included in the final study. To ensure reliability of the study, co-efficient of 0.7 or above was obtained for all the constructs. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics; specifically mean, averages and percentages. The social sciences statistical package (SPSS) application was used to analyse the data and presentation was done in form of tables so that users of the research findings could comprehend them quickly and easily. Inferential statistics was used to show the relationship that existed between the study variables. It was found that direct funding, partnerships, leadership commitment and capacity building affect localization of humanitarian aid. The study recommends further research be done on the same area since the survey could not exhaust all the determinants of localization of the humanitarian aid in Wajir county.
INFLUENCE OF URBANIZATION ON THE SOCIAL WELLBEING OF MAASAI COMMUNITY: A CASE STUDY OF KITENGELA MUNICIPALITY, KAJIADO COUNTY
(management university of africa, 2024-11) DAVID AKILIMALI CHIPINDE
Urbanization is a global phenomenon with far-reaching implications for communities worldwide. In the case of the Maasai community in Kitengela Municipality, Kajiado County, Kenya, urbanization presents a complex challenge. As Nairobi expands, changes in land use, population growth, governance, and socioeconomics affect the traditional pastoralist lifestyle of the Maasai. The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of urbanization on the social well-being of the Maasai community in Kitengela Municipality, Kajiado County. The study examined four specific objectives: to determine the effects of changing land use, changing tenure systems, population growth, and cultural practices on the social well-being of the Maasai community. The study was anchored on the Ecological Modernization Theory, which provides a framework for understanding how societies balance economic development with environmental and social sustainability. The study employed a descriptive research methodology with a target population of 234,000 persons. Using Fisher's method, a sample size of 384 participants was determined, achieving a 96% response rate. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS. The major findings revealed that 94% of respondents reported significant changes in traditional land use patterns, 86% noted increased individual land ownership, 87% indicated increased in-migration, and 88% reported declining traditional language fluency. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between all variables and social well-being (r = 0.65, p = 0.001), while regression analysis showed that all independent variables significantly predicted social well-being (p < 0.05), with the model explaining 72.6% of the variance (R² = 0.726). Based on these findings, the study concluded that changing land use patterns have significantly altered traditional pastoralist practices, increased individual land ownership has transformed communal land management systems, population growth has intensified pressure on available resources, and cultural practices are experiencing substantial transformation due to urbanization. The study recommends establishing participatory land use planning processes, developing policies that protect both individual and communal land rights, implementing sustainable infrastructure development to support population growth, and creating cultural preservation protocols that integrate traditional practices with modern urban life.
DEVOLUTION OF GOVERNMENT SERVICES AND PERFORMANCE OF COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT PROJECTS IN KENYA: A SURVEY OF COMMUNITY PROJECTS IN KWALE COUNTY
(management university of africa, 2024-10) KOMBO JOSEPHAT CHIREMA
The county government was intended to bring government services to the grassroots and, hence, empower the citizens in various ways through various undertakings. Various services, including finances, structures, public participation, and capacities to develop human resources, are envisioned to ensure programs undertaken at local levels are performing as expected and their impacts are felt by society. However, reports and studies have indicated that the expectations are yet to be achieved, and the people are yet to reap these benefits. The initiated community empowerment project has not been meeting expectations, and its impact on community wellbeing is not felt. This study sought to determine the devolution of government services and performance of community empowerment projects in Kwale County and had financial resources, human resource capabilities, public participation and leadership accountability as variable. Descriptive research design was used with a target of 133 community empowerment projects within Kwale County. The variable relationship was determined through regression model. The relationship between public participation, human resource capabilities, financial resources, leadership accountability and the performance of community empowerment projects was determined using regression correlation analysis. In inclusion, addressing funding challenges through diversified sources and improved financial management practices is essential for maximizing the effectiveness of community empowerment efforts in the region. Skilled and knowledgeable personnel drive effective project implementation, enhance community engagement, and contribute to sustainable outcomes. Addressing human resource challenges through targeted investments in training, recruitment, and leadership development is essential for maximizing the impact of empowerment initiatives in the region. Active involvement of community members enhances the relevance, effectiveness, and sustainability of projects by fostering ownership, transparency, and innovative problem-solving. Accountable leaders enhance project implementation, foster community trust, and ensure effective resource management. Addressing challenges related to accountability and implementing robust structures for transparency and oversight are essential for maximizing the positive impact of empowerment initiatives in the region. The study recommends that, the county should adopt sound financial management practices, including detailed budgeting, regular financial reporting, and transparent accounting procedures. This helps in tracking expenses, preventing mismanagement, and ensuring that funds are used effectively. All relevant parties including the federal and local governments-should have a well-defined plan in place for how they intend to fund their community empowerment initiatives. This would ensure that the projects are finished in the way required to meet the predetermined objectives. The county should develop strategies to recruit skilled individuals who have relevant experience and expertise. The county should also create supportive work environments and career development opportunities to retain experienced staff and volunteers. Consider providing performance-based incentives, recognition programs, and opportunities for career advancement. The county should conduct awareness campaigns to inform community members about the project’s objectives, benefits, and their roles in the process. Educating the community on the importance of their participation can lead to more active and informed involvement. The county should encourage leaders to model ethical behavior and accountability in all aspects of project management. Ethical leadership fosters a culture of integrity and responsibility among project staff and stakeholders. The county should reward leaders and team members who demonstrate strong accountability and performance to motivate them take ownership of their roles.
PERFORMANCE OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES AND SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A CASE OF CARITAS INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME IN HOMA BAY COUNTY, KENYA
(management university of africa, 2024-10) COLLINS OCHIENG OMOLLO
This study examined the performance of poverty alleviation programmers and socio-economic development: a case of Caritas International in Homa Bay County within Kenya. The independent variable under study were youth vocational training, capacity building, livestock and crop development. The study was anchored by the empowerment theory; supported by the human capital theory and the restricted opportunity theory. The study adopted the descriptive study design to describe the social and economic characteristics of the target population. The target population was 1,142 household heads out of which through stratified random sampling, 92 respondents were selected to be part of the study sample. Proportionate sampling was then employed to ensure that the three sub counties under study were proportionately represented in the sample. The data was collected through questionnaire. The questionnaire was validated and pre-tested before the actual data collection. Data analysis was done through the use of Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 29. Descriptive and inferential statistics were generated to help in summarizing data to aid in making meaningful conclusions and recommendations. Tables, charts and percentages were used to present the summarized data. The researcher observed research ethics before the actual research, during the actual research and after the research. The findings of this study reveal that a youth vocational training has enabled the youth to gain useful skills which have enabled them to obtain gainful employment; capacity building has equipped households with resources and skills that have led to the attainment of self-reliance; proceeds from livestock production is a source of income used for investment and at the same time reduces food insecurity within households and crop development enhances household nutrition and on the other hand surplus realized from production is a source of income which can be used for investment in education, descent housing and access to better healthcare services. Recommendations from the study are as follows; Capacity building programs should include training on saving culture and financial management to enable households to use the income earned from the sale of farm products prudently and also to use their earnings to scale up their production. The national and county governments should supplement the efforts already made by Caritas in alleviating poverty through crop and livestock development. There is need for providing more resources to the poor households, so that crop and livestock production can be done in a large scale to enable commercialization. There is need to conduct a study on how land fragmentation affects household’s level of production in terms of technical efficiency of agriculture and the sustainability of food production system.
ASSESMENT OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON DISASTER RESILIENCE OF KENYAN COUNTIES: A CASE OF BARINGO COUNTY
(management university of africa, 2024-10) ABDUSHAKUR KHATIB LENDAPANA
Despite all the disaster risk management measures that are in place, disasters have continued to rock Baringo County. This research aimed at assessing effect of disaster risk management systems on disaster risk resilience of Kenyan counties, using Baringo County as case. Specifically, the study aimed at; to determine the effects of disaster risk awareness on disaster risk resilience in Baringo County, to examine the effects of disaster risk governance on disaster risk resilience in Baringo County, to assess the effects of risk reduction measures on disaster risk resilience in Baringo County and to examine the effect of disaster preparedness measures on disaster risk resilience in Baringo County. System Theory, Institutional Theory and Stakeholder Theory was used as the theoretical framework underpinning the study and employed a cross-sectional case study method. A total of 405 officers were targeted who work in sectors with responsibility in disaster risk management within Baringo County comprising of Directorate of DRM, department of Agriculture and Livestock, Water, Health and Nutrition, Fire, Security and peace building and NGOs/Development partners implementing Disaster Risk Reduction initiatives at the county level. A stratified random sampling was used to get the research subjects. Data collection was done using structured questionnaire. The quantitative data collected was analyzed quantitatively by use of descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of SPSS software version 27. A multiple regression model was applied to demonstrate the association between the independent variables and the dependent variable of disaster risk resilience, and the results was presented in tables, charts and bars. Overall, the study findings showed that there exists a strong positive relation between the independent and the dependent variables as shown by R = 0.799 and R2 = 0.638 this means that 64% of variation in disaster risk resilience is explained by changes in all the independent variables. The level of significance was <0.000 thus the overall regression model significantly predicted the dependent variables. the findings also showed that disaster preparedness measures were the predictor that most effects disaster risk resilience in Baringo County with Unstandardized coefficient (β) value of .479 followed by disaster risk reduction measure with β of .205. Disaster risk awareness was the least significant determinant of disaster risk resilience in Baringo County with Unstandardized coefficient β of .047. This study recommends that Baringo County government and its partners need to continue strengthening investment in all four independent variables as evident has shown they play complimentary role in addressing disaster risk resilience.