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PSYCHOSOCIAL CHALLENGES FACING WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN KENYA: A SURVEY OF KAKAMEGA COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2020-08) AMBUNDO LYSTONE SACHIEL
The general objective of the study is to establish the psychosocial challenges women face in political leadership in Kakamega County Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the effect of marginalization on women participation in political leadership; to determine the effect of patriarchal biases on women participation in political leadership; to find out the influence of lack of family support on women participation; to investigate the effect of political barriers on women participation in political leadership. This study adopted correlation design where both quantitative and qualitative data was collected. The target population comprised of women political leaders who participated in political leadership in Kakamega County. The census of all the 48 women was sampled, with data collected using questionnaires. Data analysis was aided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23. Qualitative data was analyzed by narrative reporting, while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The response rate was at 91.67 % which was above average and sufficient to continue with the data analysis. Marginalization had a positive linearly significant influence on participation of women in political leadership. Women participating in elective positions are considered as unruly characters in society with society dissuading women from elective positions. Patriarchal biases had a positive linearly significant influence on participation of women in political leadership. Family support had a positive linearly significant influence on participation of women in political leadership. The findings established that women rarely get financial backing from the family members for elective positions with financing of women for political leadership viewed as waste of resources. The study established that political barriers had a positive linearly significant influence on participation of women in political leadership. Political barriers was the most important factor in influencing participation of women in political leadership followed by marginalization, family support and the least was patriarchal biases. The study concluded that political barriers were the most important factor in diminishing participation of women in political leadership. The study concluded that marginalization is a common feature in diminishing the prospects of women participation in elective positions. The study concluded that for women to succeed and fully participate in politics, fighting and overcoming patriarchal obstacles is a necessity in order to achieve the 30% quota desired by the constitution. The study concluded that support of women by family and society at large is an important component of empowering women aspiration and prospect for participation in politics. The study recommendation is that since marginalization is a common challenge, there is need for positive social change to educate public on elimination of discrimination to support equity for women to participate fully in the political process. The study recommended that to overcome patriarchal biases and ensure fairness in political participation of women, measures should be taken to compensate for historical and political psychosocial disadvantages that prevent women from participation in politics. The study recommended that to reinvigorate family support for women participation in politics, economic empowerment of women, education and access to information, may act as an effective tool. On areas for further studies and for comparative analysis, the study on psychosocial challenges women face in political leadership in Kakamega County Kenya may be cascaded to other regions in Kenya.
LEADERSHIP STYLES AND MANAGEMENT OF CHURCH YOUTH DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA; A SURVEY OF SELECTED PENTECOSTAL CHURCHES IN NYERI TOWN SUB COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2020-09) GATHUMA JANE MUTHONI
This study was undertaken on leadership styles and management of church youth development in Kenya, a survey of selected Pentecostal churches in Nyeri Town Subcounty. The objectives of the study were to assess the influence of transformational leadership style, democratic leadership style, strategic leadership style and the servant leadership style and management of church youth development in selected Pentecostal churches in Kenya. The study used strategic leadership theory, transformational leadership theory and servant leadership theory. The study was anchored on transformative leadership theory as church leaders are able to inspire followers to change expectations, perceptions, and motivations in order to work towards common goals. The study used a descriptive survey research design, where the target population was purposively selected. The study used census method where data was collected using self-administered questionnaires from 57 youth officials, with 48 of them responding sufficiently from the seven selected Pentecostal churches in Nyeri Town Sub-County. The study findings were that transformational leadership style was the most significant variable, followed by strategic leadership style, then servant leadership style and finally democratic leadership style. The study concluded that once youth are taught on the leadership skills and roles in the church system, they can assume the leadership position with confidence and certainty; strategic leadership style triggers the youth to be future oriented thereby allowing their development on the church affairs which leads to increased management of church youth while youth officials have the requisite skills for management of church systems, but their capacity is not embraced in church activities by the selected Pentecostal churches in Nyeri Town Sub County. The study recommended that youth need engagement in teaching, training and supervising them while undertaking the church activities; for democratic leadership style study advocated for avenues of skills impartation, capacity building programmed and inclusion of the youth in church decision making; strategic leadership style called for church youth leadership to organize meetings, gather relevant data on leadership, and participate in designing, implementing and reviewing of church policies; and for servant leadership style the study recommended that there is need for environment diversity of youth opinions coupled by church youth participation, cultivating a culture of inclusivity and trust of the youth in the affairs of the church, and managing the church youth development through the persuasion and creating incentives for the youth that triggers their leadership in selected Pentecostal churches in Nyeri Town Sub County. The study recommends that for comparative analysis the same study can be replicated to other regions in Kenya and in other churches.
SERVICESCAPE, STAFF MOTIVATION AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA: A SURVEY OF MOMBASA COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2020-09) ARIF GULAMHUSSEIN
The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between services cape and employee performance in commercial banks in Kenya by conducting a survey in Mombasa County. Specifically, the study endeavored to determine the relationship between ambient conditions and employee performance, to determine the relationship between spatial layout and employee performance; to determine the relationship between signage and employee performance and to establish whether services cape leads to motivation of employees leading to employee performance in commercial banks in Kenya. The study adopted a mixed correlational design. The population of the study comprised of all individuals in employment with commercial banks based in Mombasa County. The primary data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire obtained from one hundred and fifty (150) participants. To help in the determination of the relationship between services cape and employee performance, a regression model was used. The study found out that commercial banks largely put in place measures to ensure ambient working conditions, spatial layout dimensions of services cape and adopted the use of signage to a large extent. Further, it was found out that employee motivation moderates the relationship between services cape and employee performance. The study also found out that spatial layout and employee performance had a low positive significant correlation while employee motivation and employee performance was found to have a moderate positive and significant correlation and the correlation. The study also found out that ambient conditions and employee performance have a low positive but non-significant correlation while at the same time, signage and employee performance have a low positive but insignificant correlation. The regression analysis found a significant relationship between services cape and employee performance. The study therefore concluded that there is a significant relationship between services cape and employee performance. The study also concluded that commercial banks have adopted services cape dimensions including spatial layout, ambient conditions and signage. Regarding employee motivation, the study concluded that the commercial banks realized improved employee motivation due to services cape by reducing stress levels, improving the self-esteem of employees, reduction of levels of absenteeism and reduction of staff turnover. The researcher recommends that managers of commercial banks should find mechanisms of improving the initiation and use of services cape dimensions. This is because banks are often the focus of the public and hence must provide a good services cape to attract them into banking, besides improving market share. The researcher also recommends that the commercial banks should create effective services cape elements such as ambient condition, space function, sign, symbols and artifacts.
DETERMINANTS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS IN KENYA: A CASE OF AUTOSTERILE EAST AFRICA, KENYA
(MUA, 2020-10) MARGARET WAMBUI KAMAU
This study investigated the determinants of competitiveness of pharmaceutical manufacturers in Kenya: a case of Autosterile East Africa, Kenya. The specific objectives were to examine how economic growth, management efficiency, business environment efficiency and business facility infrastructure influence competitiveness of locally manufactured goods in Autosterile East Africa, Kenya. This study used descriptive survey design. This study used census sampling to involve 69 respondents; 8 top level employees, 22 middle level employees and 39 lower level employees in Autosterile East Africa. Questionnaires used in the survey formed the primary data and was analyzed by use of Statistical Packages for Social Science version 25. Multiple regression analysis was done to test the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The study findings found out that economic growth, management efficiency, business environment efficiency and business facility infrastructure all have a positive relationship with competitiveness of locally manufactured goods. Business environment efficiency was the most significant determinant of competitiveness of locally manufactured goods. From the findings, it was highlighted that a large number of respondents agreed that the GDP has influenced the competition among our competitors a mean of 1.23 and a standard deviation 0.12. A large number of respondents agreed that organization structure of firms dictates its competitive advantage over other firms as shown by a mean of 1.22 and a standard deviation 0.15. A majority agreed that demand for goods and services influences competition of goods and services as shown by a mean of 1.58 and a standard deviation 0.29 while a large number agreed that political stability has an impact in competition among firms as shown by a mean of 1.68 and a standard deviation 0.64. The government of Kenya need to boost the Economic Growth in order to enhance the competitiveness of Locally Manufactured Goods. This can be done by providing subsidies to business owners and fund the SMEs in starting up business. The locally manufactured goods firms should enhance their management efficiency so as to better their competitiveness of their locally manufactured goods. This can be done by the firm’s management developing leadership structures that are efficient.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRISIS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PERFOMANCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN KENYA; A SURVEY OF PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN NAIROBI.
(Management University of Africa, 2020-11) MOSES MUKURIA
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Crisis-Management (CM) and the pharmaceutical manufacturing firms’ performance. As such, the research examines the connection between CM and the performance of firms in Kenya’s pharmaceutical manufacturing companies. The study seeks to identify prevention of crisis influences pharmaceutical manufacturing companies performance; to explore the influence of crisis containment on pharmaceutical manufacturing company’s performance; to evaluate business communication affect pharmaceutical manufacturing company’s performance. The research relies on the descriptive survey design, where the study’s target population included 1 Managing director and 1 Chief finance officer from the 22 registered pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Nairobi County since they will provide response on different aspects of performance. This brought the total to 22 Managing directors and 22 chief finance officers. The total population was 44 respondents. Census was used for the study where 44 respondents. Firms were unit of analysis while the population was the unit of observation. A fact-based conclusion was made using primary research. Questionnaires were used to obtain primary data. Data analysis was done through SPSS Version 22.0 and the descriptive statistical methods which included the averages, mean and percentages. The data was presented through tables, bar graphs and pie charts. On whether activities are well planned during crisis, majority of respondents disagreed as evidenced by (M=2.0750; SD=0. 47434). On whether activities are well coordinated to handle crisis, majority of respondents disagreed as evidenced by (M= 1.9500; SD=0.95943). On whether activities are well coordinated to handle crisis, majority of respondents disagreed as evidenced by (M= 1.9500; SD=0.95943). The study recommended that to effectively detect crisis, pharmaceutical firms should have in place a team to analyze crisis before they happen. To effectively prevent crisis from happening, they should have clear plans on how to come out of crisis. The companies should have improved capacity and well-coordinated crisis management activities by regularly training and equipping staff with necessary equipment’s required to respond to crisis on time. The firms should ensure that the communication channels used to communicate crisis reaches many people. Suggestion for further study is recommended to identify other crisis management practices which can improve performance of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies. The study concluded that pharmaceutical company’s management did not take time to analyze the crisis in the organization. Pharmaceutical companies lack effective monitoring mechanisms. There was regular assessment by pharmaceutical companies to detect crisis. On whether crisis is well explained, companies tried to explain the crisis. There was no proper planning to prevent crisis from happening. There were no proper policies in place to enable pharmaceutical firms deal with crisis. There were no effective quality control measures in place to prevent crisis from occurring. Employees of pharmaceutical firms were not well equipped with skills that can enable them prevent crisis from happening. Pharmaceutical firms had put in place physical system has been put in place to handle crisis. There was regular audit on crisis management activities. Crisis containment activities were not well coordinated. There was no proper evaluation during crisis. Many pharmaceutical firms lacked capacity to handle crisis. There were no proper measures to prevent income loss in the company during crisis. Pharmaceutical firms have invested in proper monitoring activities which enable them monitor crisis. The communication channels used by pharmaceutical firms were not effective in communicating crisis. There was no effective communication between customers and pharmaceutical firms; this affected the ability to handle crisis on time. Further study was necessary to identify more crisis management practices.
MANAGERIAL ROLES AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN PUBLIC TRAINING INSTITUTIONS IN KENYA: CASE STUDY OF THE KENYA SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT, BARINGO CAMPUS
(Management University of Africa, 2020-11) EDDAH CHEPKURUI CHERUIYOT
The limited ease of managerial support, ineffective communication, inadequate training, stalled stakeholder input or involvement has been zeroed in as areas of concern in change management in particular with Government institutions. This study aimed to evidence contextually by assessing the role of managers in implementing technological change in an organization at the Kenya School of Government. The study was motivated by the concern of slow and abnormal resistance witnessed with emerging technological changes aimed at transforming the performance of organization. Institutions of learning are knowledge management centered and therefore, utilization of recent technologies to stem up performance such as efficiency, employee performance, corporate relationships and internal knowledge management mechanisms is integral. The limited ease of managerial support, ineffective communication, inadequate training, stalled stakeholder input or involvement have been zeroed in as areas of concern in change management in particular with Government institutions. Therefore, this study was poised to examine the effect of environment, , managerial behavior, and the extent to which training contributes influenced technological change at the Kenya School of Government. Resource based Theory, Lewin’s Three-step Change Theory, The Dynamic Capability Theory, Knowledge-Based Theory, and Managerial Hegemony Theory guided this study. The study adopted descriptive research design in undertaking this study. The study was conducted at the Kenya School of Government covering 178 employees who are staffers at the institution. Through, simple random sampling technique, the study sampled 50% of the target population to inform and respond to the questionnaire which is the main research instrument for data collection. The study utilized descriptive statistic design to analyze on data collected from the field. Presentation of results was in form of graphs, charts and tabulated tables with respective interpretations and discussions provided. The study found out that there is an effect of environment, communication, managerial behavior, and training on the implementation of technological changes of institutions. The study is important to the departments, Agencies, County and National Governments in Kenya, the Council and management of the Kenya School of Government, staffers and technological service providers, academicians and researchers with interest in change management, leadership and general management of public.
THE EFFECTS OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF MABATI ROLLING MILLS MARIAKANI, KILIFI COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2020-11) KIHUGWA MWANGA WYCLIFFE
The need for a comprehensive understanding of the connection between total quality management and customer satisfaction cannot be overstressed. Most Organizations all over the world have been trying to cope with a rapidly changing business environment in which management have to be more astute in finding ways to sustain or gain competitive advantage. Most manufacturing companies are now adopting Total Quality Management (TQM) and other new philosophies to become more effective in the way they conduct business. The relationship between TQM initiative and improved performance has been researched with mixed results. The mixed results are a pointer for a need for a study to establish the effect of TQM practices on the performance of organizations. Secondly, studies in Kenya have not focused on the effect of TQM on the performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya hence a knowledge gap. Objective of this study was to examine the effects of total quality management practices on organizational performance vis-à-vis continuous improvement, Customer Focus, employee empowerment and top management commitment in the manufacturing sector in Kenya, a case study of Mabati rolling mills Limited (MRM) at Marikana in Kilifi County. Literature review on previous theoretical and empirical study were done, theoretical review, critical review and summary as well as theoretical/ conception framework were done. Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study and primary data were collected with the use of open and closed questionnaire randomly selected respondents a sample of one hundred and forty-seven (147) randomly selected respondents from Top management (7), Middle management (12), General staffs (166), Bora Bora Authorized Distributor for Mabati Rolling Mills (5), external 10-month-old customers from Mombasa (18), Kilifi (14) and Kwale (11) Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, percentages, means and standard deviation were used. The study also used correlation and regression analysis to show the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. Presentation of the findings was done in figures, tables and charts. The study established that generally, the TQM practices of continuous improvement, Customer Focus, employee empowerment and top management commitment positively influenced the organizational performance. The study also established that continuous improvement directly influenced organizational performance, customer focus enhanced customer satisfaction which resulted into overall organizational performance. The study further established that employee empowerment influenced organizational performance. The study also established that top management commitment to quality management practices influenced organizational performance. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient at 0.05 level of significance, with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS 21.0). The study recommended that there was need for the organization to grow a stronger culture that nurtures high-trust social relationship, respect for individuals and a shared sense of membership. The study also recommends that continuous improvement should be one of the pillars upon which manufacturing firm ‘s performance can be guaranteed. The firms should enhance top management commitment to quality management through motivation and incentives. The study recommends that future studies test the effects of the other elements of total quality management practices on organizational performance that were not part of the current study.
STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF COMMUNITY PROJECTS IN KENYA:A CASE STUDY OF KENYA RED CROSS INTERGRATED COMMUNITY PROJECTS IN TANA RIVER COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2021-07) PATIENCE KADURIRA
The study purpose is to examine the influence of stakeholders’ involvement on the sustainability of community projects in Kenya: A case study of Kenya Red Cross integrated community projects in Tana River County. The Kenya Red Cross Integrated Community Project in Tana River County is one such project. Specifically, the objective of the study is to assess the influence of project resource mobilization, project planning, project communication, and project monitoring and evaluation, and sustainability of integrated community projects. The study adopted a descriptive research design where a population of approximately 1419 stakeholders were involved. The study used Slovin Formula to extract a sample size of 312. Furthermore, stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used to pick the respondents. Data was collected using questionnaire via electronic means. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found out that resource mobilization, project planning and project communication and monitoring and evaluation influenced sustainability of community project albeit at a varying degree and that project resource mobilization, project planning, project communication, and monitoring and evaluation were statistically significant. Moreover, the study concluded that resource mobilization, project planning and project communication and monitoring, and evaluation influenced sustainability of community project. The study concluded that project planning and project communication were statistically significant and positively related. However, resource mobilization, monitoring, and evaluation depicted statistically significant and negative relationship. The study concluded that project resource mobilization had a significant influence on sustainability of community projects and negatively related. The study recommends project stakeholders to adopt a wide variety of resource mobilization tools, and establishment of key structures and developing framework to help facilitate the coordination of community-wide efforts as well as establishment of an effective and coordinated communication process involving all relevant agencies and individuals with interest in community projects.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN STATE CORPORATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS (KEBS)
(Management University of Africa, 2021-10) BEATRICE CHEPKIRUI LUGADIRU
The main objective was to examine the corporate governance practices and employee performance in state corporations, a case study of Kenya Bureau of Standards with specific objectives being; to examine the influence of leadership structure, corporate reporting, board composition and ethical code of conduct on employee performance at Kenya Bureau of Standards. The study findings will be used as a reference by other researchers in the field of leadership and employee performance and will provide a critical examination on corporate governance practices and employee performance in Kenya. The study is guided and anchored on the following theoretical foundations; stakeholder theory, agency theory, and stewardship theory. The study's main anchor theory was stakeholder theory. Descriptive research design was adopted for conducting the study that targets a population of 1000, and a sample size of 100 that was selected using stratified random sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires. The pilot study was conducted using 10 employees who were randomly selected from the target population and the quantitative data was analyzed using simple statistics and SPSS. The data was presented using tables and figures. Inferential statistics was used for showing how variables are related (regression and correlations). The study used the Pearson correlation matrix. The study established that leadership structure and employee performance are primarily related, and leadership structures are an important factor that determines employee performance and there is a strong correlation. The study concludes that leadership structure statistically and significantly affects employee performance. The study analyzed the connection between employee performance and independent variables (leadership structure, corporate reporting, board composition, and ethical code of conduct) the findings show that the variation in employee performance is explained by leadership structure, corporate reporting, board composition, and ethical code of conduct. The researcher recommends that the ministry of industrialization should work hand in hand with KEBS management should create a chain of command that designates who each employee directly reports to. This cautions and prevents departments from competing and transferring employees anyhow. Titles and positions in all departments should be in line with KEBS organizational structure and Staff Establishment to prevent confusion. The Board of Directors and Management of KEBS should know that corporate reporting is an integral part of organizational success and therefore the study recommends that management of any organization such as KEBS should develop an organizational culture that is honest and reports income and expenditure without fear or favor, annual reports should be readily available for all employees and members of the public. Based on the findings of this study, the conclusion, and subsequent recommendation, there is a need for a further study on corporate governance and employee performance in state corporations in Kenya whereby the study should seek to provide more insights on the current study findings and validate these findings.
MOBILE MONEY SERVICES AND PERFORMANCE OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN KAJIADO COUNTY IN KENYA: A SURVEY OF KITENGELA SUB COUNTY
(management university of africa, 2021-10) MBITHI GEORGE MUTISO
Since introduction of mobile money services in Kenya in 2007, there are more than 110,000 M Pesa agents, 40 times the number of banks ATMS in Kenya. In the first quarter of 2020 (January to March), there was a total of KES 1,087 billion transacted through mobile payments. Among users of mobile money services in Kenya, there are micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). MSMEs play a crucial role in the Kenya economy through income generating activities and employment creation. Despite the apparent significance associated with MSMEs and the numerous policy initiatives introduced by respective governments in the developing economies during the past decade to accelerate the growth and survival of MSMEs, the performance of MSMEs has been disappointing. The current study sought to bridge this gap by assessing the relationship between mobile money services and performance of small and medium enterprises in Kitengela, Kajiado County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were: establish the relationship between mobile payments, mobile transfer, mobile financial services and mobile commerce and performance of small and medium enterprises in Kitengela, Kajiado County. The study benefited MSMEs’ business owners, scholars, and academicians. The study was anchored on Diffusion of innovation theory. The study employed descriptive research design. The target population was 817 formally registered MSMEs in Kitengela Town dealing in trade, services, and manufacturing. The study employed Fisher Model to come up with sample size of 261 who were the business owners or managers/operators. The study utilized primary data which was collected using questionnaires. Quantitative data was presented in frequency tables and figures while quantitative data was presented in prose form. Multiple regression was used to test the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable. The study established that disbursement and repayment of loans influence mobile money transfer performance. It was also found out that withdraw of money from mobile phone have enhanced the overall performance of mobile financial services. Further, the study found out that checking account balance influenced the performance of mobile commerce among MSMEs. The study concluded that mobile commerce had a statistical significance relationship with the performance of MSMEs in Kitengela, Kajiado County. It was also concluded that salary processing and supplier’s payment influenced the performance of mobile money services among MSMEs in Kitengela, Kajiado County. The study therefore recommended that mobile services provider should seek to promote their services to encourage as many businesspeople as possible to make use of mobile money services. Further, the study recommended that the regulator of mobile phone providers should work towards reducing mobile money services charges between different networks.
ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN MAKUENI COUNTY. A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT PROJECTS IN KALAWA WARD.
(Management University of Africa, 2021-10) JANET NDUKU MUTUA
Despite the ever-increasing number of NGOs in Makueni County aimed at socio-economic empowerment of women, gender inequalities are persistent and poverty levels are high. According to Kenya Demographic and Health survey (KDHS, 2019) by Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) the level of poverty in Makueni County is estimated to be 34.8%. This is evident by low participation of women in decision making process, control over ownership and access of resources and wealth, increased poverty levels, increased cases of gender-based violence. This has necessitated the need to establish the role of NGOs in women empowerment in Makueni County. The specific objectives of the study are to establish the role of NGOs in financial inclusion of women, the creation of awareness on property rights for women, role of NGOs in income generating activities for women and finally the role NGOs play in the resource accessibility for women. The anchor theory for this study is the Women Empowerment Framework by Sara Longwe and the other theories used in the study include Kabeer's 3-dimensional model; the public goods theory of financial inclusion. The study population was 60 women groups in Kalawa ward, Makueni County who have benefited from the NGOs programs. The total number of respondents were 1254 and a sample size of 294 was used. Data collection was done by use of questionnaire and focus group discussions which entailed interviewing members of the women groups. Data analysis was done using SPSS and R programming software. The study adopted the descriptive, correlation and regression analysis. Qualitative data was coded into the specific objectives, and analysis was done through content analysis. Inferential statistics was used to test variable relationships while multiple linear regression analysis was used to explain the correlation between the variables. F-test ANOVA and t-test was used for these tests. Data is presented and visualized using charts and tables. The findings of the study are that financial inclusion, awareness creation on the right to own resources and property, income generating activities and resource availability influence women empowerment. The focus group discussions highlighted that the NGOs are doing very little in regard to awareness creation on the right of ownership of resources and property. The resources availability is another major challenge, and the NGOs have done very little about this. Women cited that discrimination, being left out of development agenda, illiteracy and patriarchal nature of the society as the major challenge. The study recommendations are that NGOs, National and County Governments to provide linkage to markets for the products from the income generating activities by women groups. Both Government and NGOs should develop frameworks to engage women in development agenda.
ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITIES AND MARKET PERFORMANCE OF MOBILE OPERATORS IN KENYA: A CASE OF SAFARICOM PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY
(Management University of Africa, 2021-11) DENIS RADONJI
Due to the intense competitive environment in the mobile communications industry, most organizations are compiled to review their strategies to align with use of technology, appropriate leadership style and business innovation in order to compete both locally and globally. The aim and justification of this study was to examine, investigate and determine the influence of technology adoption, leadership style, business innovation and the firm competitiveness on market performance of mobile operators in Kenya. The study was anchored on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) theory, supported by Stakeholder theory and Michael Porter Five Forces Model. The study targeted a population of 402 respondents. Stratified random and simple random sampling techniques were adopted to arrive at a sample size of 197 respondents. The study adopted the descriptive research design; the primary data was collected using structured questionnaire as a tool from a sample size of 197 respondents. The data collected was then be verified, coded and analyzed by use of software SPSS version 26. From the reliability statistics the tool had a Cronbach's Alpha 0.886 which confirmed that the tool was reliable and valid from the pilot test done with 20 respondents who did not participate in the final data collection. From the study findings, technology adoption, leadership style, business innovation and firm competitiveness, all had positive correlation with the market performance. Both correlation and Regression analysis established that leadership style, business innovation and firm competitiveness had a strong positive significance to the market performance with (p=0.000). The regression analysis showed that there was a positive significant correlation to market performance. Technology adoption (p = 0.294) had a weak significance on market performance while leadership style (p = 0.004), business innovation (p = 0.002) and firm competitiveness (p = 0.000) had a strong positive significance on market performance since the p-values were less than 0.05. Due to financial and time constraints, the research could not be conducted with the other two mobile operators, Airtel Kenya and Telkom Kenya, to have a comparative study to determine whether the results of the study could be in line with the findings from the Safaricom PLC one. It was noted that the study faced some challenges during data collection due to the effect of Covid-19 pandemic which in many cases delayed consent for data collection and could not allow other methods of data collection to be adopted such as one-one interview and explanations about the research to the respondents. It is recommended that more study need to be done on the other factors that influence market performance other than the four variables. Likewise, the impact of technology adoption on the market performance needs to be investigated further as it had lower coefficient and was established not to be significant.
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY IN THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL
(management university of africa, 2021-11) CHOGE JEROTICH EMMY
The purpose of this research study was to determine the influence of performance management on employee productivity, using Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) as a case study. Organizations invest billions of shillings annually in managing employee performance The primary objective was to understand how performance management influences productivity among KNH employees. The study specifically sought to evaluate the effects of the performance management process, methods, feedback, and goal setting on employee productivity at the hospital. The study was grounded in Locke’s goal-setting theory and further supported by expectancy and equity theories. A descriptive research design was adopted, with a sample size of 372 participants drawn from the hospital’s 5,300 employees. Data was primarily collected through questionnaires. Additionally, a pilot study was conducted with 60 staff members from Mbagathi Hospital, selected due to its operational similarities with KNH, to refine the research instruments. The research study will be useful to different categories of people because it will assist in understanding effects of performance management on employee productivity at Kenyatta National Hospital. The study findings will guide the government in formulating and reviewing performance evaluation policies in the public service, the research study will provide the Kenyatta National Hospital's top management with insights on addressing performance appraisal feedback from line managers to the staff within their jurisdictions, the research will be important to other researchers and scholars who wish to conduct studies on similar research. The human resource department and administration at KNH will benefit tremendously from this study since they will gain a lot of insights on the current state of the hospital’s services, systems and facilities in order to find ways of ensuring the employees are satisfied and contented with their work. Data collection involved distributing questionnaires, with analysis performed using SPSS Version 25.0. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed, and a regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of performance management on productivity. The analysis revealed that performance management goals significantly impact employee productivity, with a coefficient of 0.535 and a p-value of 0.019 (p < 0.05), indicating a strong positive relationship. The findings led to the conclusion that effective performance management—through well-structured processes, methods, feedback mechanisms, and goal-setting—positively enhances employee productivity. Consequently, the study recommends that KNH's human resources department ensure a transparent, logical performance management process that accurately identifies staff training needs. It further advises the department to communicate the importance and objectives of performance evaluations clearly and to employ a range of performance management techniques in employee assessments.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANIES IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF CIC GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
(Management University of Africa, 2022-10) BENJAMIN MAINA GITAU
The main purpose of the study was to establish the role of digital transformation in the organizational performance of the general insurance industry in Kenya with focus to CIC General Insurance. The researcher investigated Big Data Analytics, Internet of Things, Process Automation, and Artificial Intelligence on the performance of CIC general insurance company in Kenya. This study provides more information towards the status of digital transformation and performance in the insurance industry in Kenya and also helps policy makers in the insurance firms on areas to consider towards effectively improving the various aspects of digital transformation on their performance. The study validates previous research done in other markets or sectors and its similarities or differences in relation to the local insurance industry. The study was anchored on Resource-Based Theory, which explains the effect of utilization of available resources and their impact on the performance of an organization. Diffusion of Innovations theory as well as Dynamic Capability Theory supported the Study. The study used a descriptive research design. The study targeted 315 employees of CIC General Insurance Company. A stratified random sampling method was used where 65 respondents, representing 20% of the entire target population, formed the sample size of the study. The researcher used structured questionnaires to collect data from respondents. Statistical package for social sciences was used for data analysis to aid generation descriptive statistics and inferential statistics to help obtain results of multiple linear regression and ANOVA results. The study established that here was a linear and significant relationship between the four variables and the performance of the general insurance companies in Kenya. The four variables 57.3% of Digital Transformation. Digital Transformation was found to have a big impact on the overall performance of general insurance companies in Kenya. The study established that big data analytics contribute 21.8% of the Digital Transformation, 26.1% is as a result of the internet of things. Process automation influenced around 34.3% of the and artificial intelligence around 29.7% of the digital transformation. The study established that a company gathers and stores data from various sources, both internal and external. The study also found that big data analytics contributes to the minimization of fraud cases in claims. The study also found that IoT led to better risk assessment and that internet of things has enhanced better service quality. Likewise, the study established that process automation has reduced manual tasks in service delivery. Finally, the study found that artificial intelligence has enhanced better decision making and that artificial intelligence can lead to reduced claims cost management. The study also concluded that there was a linear relationship between big data analytics, the internet of things, process automation, artificial intelligence, and the performance of general insurance in Kenya. The study recommends that insurance firms should embrace big data analytics in their operational activities. To get insurance firms on the path to greater success in the area of big data management initiatives, there should be more emphasis on understanding where a company really is, where it needs to be, and how to start in order to improve its business value. The study recommends that insurance firms consider IoT as a tool for gaining competitive advantage in the insurance sector. On process automation, the study recommended that establishing business process automation requires one system that should be dependable and one that will increase productivity, performance, and reduce cost. It makes it possible for insurers to use machine learning, data modeling, and predictive analysis across the entire insurance value chain. This has led to a better bottom line and happier customers .
CORPORATEGOVERNANCEANDFINANCIALPERFORMANCEOF COMMERCIALBANKS INMACHAKOSCOUNTY,KENYA
(Management University of Africa, 2023-10) SHADRACK MBITHI NDETO
The banking industry in Kenya and the world by extension is characterized by ever changing and turbulent competitive business environment in terms of products and services offered to their customers all geared towards the commercial bank's performance. To overcome the above strains and remain profitable commercial banks need to adopt corporate governance practices that would aid them enhance their performance. This will make identification and pursuit of the right corporate governance practices as a source of superior performance to become a predominant priority in all organizations nevertheless the application of the right corporate governance practices is still a concern in most of the commercial banks. Hence, the purpose of the research was to examine how the services provided by commercial banks in the country affects the customers' satisfaction, regulatory framework compliance, employee motivation and retention, and overall transparency and accountability. Between January 2023 and August 2023, researchers in Machakos County gathered data. The anchor theory of the research was stakeholder theory and agency theory, and stewardship theory were supporting theories. Data was gathered using surveys utilizing a descriptive research methodology. Commercial banks in Machakos County were the focus of this research. Because of its central location within the metro area and its excellent infrastructure, Machakos County was chosen due to the region's tremendous economic potential. Machakos county has a total of 26 commercial banks spread across its 9 sub counties and were all involved in the study. The data collection tool was piloted in Makueni County. Collected data was coded and entered into the SPSS version 22 program; the tool that aided in data analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to summaries the data including percentages and frequencies. Tables and other graphical presentations deemed appropriate were used to present the data collected for ease of understanding and analysis. Pearson correlation was used to test the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Both the correlation and regression results were used to establish whether any form of influence between transparency and accountability, employee motivation and retention, regulatory framework compliance, customer satisfaction and performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study found out that there exists a positive relationship between the specific aspects of corporate governance under study and the financial performance of commercial banks. these findings have also been related to the findings of another previous research. From the findings of the study, the research recommends that to ensure there is sufficient Compliance to Regulatory Framework the management of the commercial banks, the legislature and the central bank which is the supervising authority needs to put in place policies to ensure the bank is compliant to the provisions. This research recommends that further research be carried out in other locations as well as the supervisory authority to establish its commitment in ensuring that the corporate governance is fully complied with. Further the research recommends that, further research be carried out in other financial institutions such as insurance companies, micro finance institutions and savings and credit cooperative societies.
SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION AND PERFORMANCE OF HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS IN KENYA, A CASE STUDY OF RED CROSS SOCIETY, NAIROBI
(MUA, 2023-10) JOSEPH MATIVO MULWA
The main objective of the study was to examine the effects of supply chain integration on performance of humanitarian organizations in Nairobi County. The research was done at Kenya Red Cross Society in Nairobi County. The research was led by ensuing variables like internal integration, external integration, beneficiary integration and finally influence of human capital efficiency on the performance of humanitarian organizations in Nairobi City County. The research was based on Resource Based View Theory because this theory elucidates that identification as well as possession of inner planned resources underwrites to a company’s aptitude to make as well as espousing a modest gain and expand SC recital. The study was also supported by Partnership Model and Contingency Theory. The research espoused a descriptive research design to offer the general plan in lieu of gathering as well as analyzing data to get enough knowledge on topic from the respondents. The target population of the research was 300 respondents and the investigator targeted a sample size of 90 respondents which is 30% of the entire population. The scholar used a simple random sampling method for the study. The researcher used questionnaires to gather information and were analyzed and presented through tables and figures. The analysis was done through presentation of the (SPSS) software. The investigation similarly used the regression analysis to establish the connection amidst the dependent and the independent variables. The coefficient of determination implied that the set of independent variables in this research accounts in lieu of 52% of disparities in the Supply chain integration and performance of humanitarian organizations in Kenya. The remaining percentage (48%) is accounted for other variables outside the model. The outcome shows that acquaintance as well as information concerning the independent variables offers a great share of information concerning performance of humanitarian organizations in Nairobi County. The study recommended a vigorous as well as operative Internal Integration by solidification their competences in the system, data, as well as process amalgamation before they can participate in meaningful external integration. The investigation similarly advocates for the Red Cross Society to ponder participation as well as communication of their procedures to suppliers to upsurge their buoyancy in the process and bring them on board to comprehend the facility’s necessities and make them committed to conveying the facilities’ prospects. Consider integrating as part of their client amalgamation procedure, the assortment, as well as distribution of crucial data of the respondents. A conclusion made by the investigation is that supply chain integration has momentous influence on enactment of humanitarian aid organizations in Kenya. The results of this investigation posited out that humanitarian aid organizations have actual communication amid all the supply chain cohorts. Sharing information permits humanitarian aid establishments to decide on better selections and to make well-versed choices in the occurrence of difficulties or tragedies.
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PROCUREMENT PROCEDURES IN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES IN NAKURU COUNTY
(management university of africa, 2024-06) LERIARI LTAJIRIN AMBROSE
Implementing procurement procedures in public health facilities in Nakuru County ensure the quality of goods and services acquired, leading to better healthcare outcomes for patients and timely delivery of supplies. Regardless of the effort by the public health facilities in Nakuru County to improve performance of the procurement function, poor implementation and non-compliance to procurement regulations still pose as key challenges. The study therefore sought to determine the effect of organizational structure on the implementation of procurement procedures in public health facilities in Nakuru, Specifically the study sought to determine the effect of chain of command, work specialization, span of control and formalization on the implementation of procurement procedures in public health facilities in Nakuru County Kenya. The study was anchored on the implementation theory, contingency theory, agency theory, systems theory and bureaucratic theory. The study was anchored on the implementation theory and contingency theory. The research design for the study was a descriptive survey design. The study targeted 82 respondents involved in the procurement process in health facilities; they include medical officer in charge of the various targeted health facilities, procurement officers and department heads from user departments in health facilities in Nakuru County. The study adopted Slovins’ formula to get the sample size of 68 respondents from the total target population. The researcher further used simple random sampling to select the sample size for each of the category of the target group. A pilot-test was conducted at Kericho County Referral hospital where 7 questionnaires were issued out. Data was collected using the drop and pick later method which was best collected after two weeks. In this method, the consent statement was issued and then the questionnaire administered. Quantitative data was analyzed by use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive statistics involved the use of percentages, frequencies, measures of central tendencies (mean) and measures of dispersion (standard deviation). Inferential statistic involving the use of correlation analysis and multiple regression analyses. Correlation analysis was used to determine the nature of the relationship between variables. Multiple regression analysis was employed to analyze the relationship between a single dependent variable and several independent variables. The study concluded that there is a positive and statistically significant correlation between chain of command on implementation of procurement procedures in public health facilities in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study further concluded that there is a positive and statistically significant correlation between work specialization on implementation of procurement procedures in public health facilities in Nakuru County. The study also concluded that there is a strong positive correlation existed between span of control and implementation of procurement procedures. The study finally concluded that a strong positive correlation existed between formalization on the implementation of procurement procedures in public health facilities in Nakuru County Kenya. The study recommends that to optimize the chain of command for the implementation of procurement procedures, it is essential to foster a culture of division of labor and specialization within the procurement team. This can be achieved by clearly defining the roles and responsibilities of each team member based on their expertise.
HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING AND BUDGETING PROCESS IN GOVERNMENT HEALTH INSTITUTIONS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF MAGUTINI LEVEL FOUR HOSPITAL
(management university of africa, 2024-07) NANCY KATHURE MBAKA
Human resource planning is a crucial component of HRM that many businesses use to make sure the best employees are hired for the proper positions with the correct skills and knowledge. In terms of efficiency, service delivery, and product quality, this is particularly true. Budget discrepancies persistently persist during the implementation. Planning for human resources typically reflects the effectiveness of a certain institution's performance, which depends on it. To determine the human resource planning and budgeting processes in government health institutions in Kenya, Magutini Level Four Hospital was study focus. The study examined recruitment, employee retention, staff training, and employee benefits in the budgeting process at Magutini Level Four Hospital. The study's major anchor theory was goal-setting theory, which is backed by institutional and human capital theory. The study's foundation was a positivist research paradigm that used a study design that was descriptive. The researcher intended to reach 750 respondents; however, secondary data was employed in the literature study, and 260 respondents were chosen as the sample size by the use of stratified random sampling and administered questionnaires. Findings were examined using descriptive statistics (standard deviation, percentages, and frequencies), and the data were shown using tables. To show how the study variables related to one another, inferential statistics were used. The Pearson correlation can assist in determining the direction and strength of the relationship between the variables. A 2-tailed test was used for the correlation analysis with a 5% significance level. The results demonstrated a strong connection between the budgeting process and human resource planning. The budgeting process and employee benefits had a moderate association according to the results of the regression analysis, indicating a significant relationship. Regression analysis revealed a strong association between the characteristics identified by the research and recruiting additional staff in the budgeting process. Regression analysis showed a substantial correlation and a link between training, development, and performance. Employee retention and the budgeting process were significantly correlated and linked. According to the study's conclusion, factors such as staff recruitment, employee retention, training and development, and employee benefits affect the budgeting process. When all variables are considered, including the budgeting process, these factors can account for more than 61% of the variation in the budgeting process. The research study makes the following suggestions for enhancements to the management and board of directors of the Magutini Level 4 Hospital: The administration of Magutini Level 4 Hospital has to invest in its people. Training and development expenditures are crucial for building human capital, and top management must support this by providing the required funds. HRM initiatives are important in this, but they won't be able to flourish if top management of the company doesn't actively support them. The study's conclusions suggest that the company's executives should provide adequate funding for HRD and the budgeting procedure. Periodic cost estimates are required for every job in the plan in order to make sure that funds are used as efficiently as feasible. The research suggests that management look for further support for technical methods in executing strategies by providing chances for advancement to their staff and having clearly defined career routes for them to preserve the cohesion of efforts to assist strategy execution. Further investigation of the planning and budgeting procedures for human resources in Kenyan state enterprises is warranted in light of the study's results, recommendations, and conclusion. This additional research should aim to confirm the results of the current investigation and provide new data to support the current conclusions.
LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ADOPTION OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF KENYA
(management university of africa, 2024-09) ALBERT KOCHEI
ANTECEDENTS OF ETHICAL ISSUES IN POLICE RECRUITMENT IN KENYA: A CASE OF THE EMBAKASI POLICE TRAINING INSTITUTE
(management university of africa, 2024-09) JULIET O. NYANGÁI
The ethical issues surrounding police hiring in Kenya have raised concerns, primarily in regard to openness, equity, and following of the set hiring protocols. The integrity of the recruiting process has been weakened by a number of complaints directed against the Kenya Police Service, including claims of partiality, corruption, and a lack of accountability. These moral dilemmas impact public confidence in law enforcement agencies in addition to making it more difficult to choose competent applicants in a fair and reasonable manner. Although recruiting and selection procedures, procedural guidelines, and a legislative framework aimed at maintaining ethical standards are in place, it is still unclear how successful these systems are. Using the Embakasi Training Institute as a case study, this paper examines the causes of ethical problems in police recruitment. The specific objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of the indirect procedural guidelines on ethical issues in police recruitment in Kenya, to determine the effect of recruitment and selection policies on ethical issues in police recruitment in Kenya, to investigate the effect of recruitment strategies on ethical issues in police recruitment in Kenya and to examine the effect of the legal framework on ethical issues in recruitment at the Kenya police service. The study was based on three theories, which are the Attribution Theory Institutional theory and Implicit Personality theory. This study was anchored on Institutional theory as the key theory because of its emphasis on the deeper and more resilient aspects of social structure. The researcher used descriptive research design. The study's target population was 200 police officers and staff involved in the recruitment process at Embakasi Police Training institute. The sample size was 100 staff of Embakasi Police Training. Data was collected using structured questionnaires which were distributed to the sampled respondents at Embakasi Police Training institute. The questionnaires were collected within one month. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with help of SPSS. The findings were then presented using tables and charts. From the analysis of the filled questionnaires, it was found that there is adherence to recruitment policy and code of ethics during recruitment at the Kenya Police Service as such indirect procedural guidelines influence ethical police recruitment at the Kenya Police force in Embakasi. The study also found that recruitment strategies put in place by the Kenya Police force affect the ethical police recruitment in Kenya. The study then concluded that indirect procedural guidelines, recruitment and selection policies, recruitment strategies and legal framework all significantly affect ethical recruitment at the Embakasi Police Training Institute. From the study it is recommended that recruiting agencies should put in place procedural guidelines, recruitment and selection policies and strategies to enhance ethics in recruitment. The findings of this study will be beneficial to policy makers, academicians and researchers. The findings will also be of benefit to the recruitment practice in public and private organizations. The findings will inform policymakers on the need for policy changes and implementation of ethical recruitment practices in the police service.