IJMLS VOLUME 6 ISSUE 1

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ADDRESSING INEQUALITIES AND FOSTERING RESILIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN GHANA AND AFRICAN COUNTRIES
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Sanjeet Kumar Patnaik; Sayyed Mehboob Ur Rehman; Dr. Domeniter Naomi Kathula
The report explores the imperative task of addressing inequalities and fostering resilience as keystones for sustainable development in Ghana and the rest of African countries. By dissecting the multifaceted dimensions of environmental protection, the report illuminates the intricate interplay of factors shaping the development landscape. Through a synthesis of prevailing research findings and existing policy frameworks, this proposes a roadmap for actionable strategies aimed at 1015obilizati resources and harnessing political and social networks to drive substantive progress. Central to the report’s narrative is the recognition of the pivotal role played by collaboration among governmental entities, civil society organizations, the private sector, and community representatives. Drawing on insights gleaned from empirical studies and practical experiences, the report underscores the significance of efficient resource allocation and coordinated efforts in facilitating the implementation of targeted action plans. At its core, the report advocates for a holistic approach to sustainable development, one that transcends traditional sectoral boundaries and embraces an integrated, collaborative ethos. By fostering inclusive dialogue, promoting knowledge exchange, and nurturing partnerships, the report envisions a future where sustainable development goals are not merely aspirational but attainable realities. In conclusion, this report serves as a call to action for all stakeholders invested in the pursuit of sustainable development in the region. It underscores the urgency of addressing entrenched inequalities and building resilience in the face of evolving challenges. Through collective action and shared commitment, Ghana and its African countries can forge a path towards a more equitable, prosperous, and sustainable future.
ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP AND MICROENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE IN GHANA: EVIDENCE FROM GHANAIAN HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES PANEL DATA
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Ahmed Mohamed a; Dr. Paul Machoka,
This study investigates how leadership qualities; proxied by education, entrepreneurial experience, and proactive decision-making; shape the performance and resilience of household enterprises in Ghana. Using panel data from the Ghana Socioeconomic Panel Survey (2009–2019), we examine how access to finance, exposure to economic shocks, and spatial context moderate these relationships. Fixed-effects and logistic regression models reveal that education and experience enhance profitability, while proactivity supports survival in specific contexts. Credit access demonstrates conditional effects: susu strengthens the benefits of education, informal credit supports survival but dampens leadership advantages, and digital loans yield inconsistent outcomes. Shocks weaken profitability but not survival, with experienced entrepreneurs showing adaptive capacity. Urban enterprises survive more often, yet proactive strategies in competitive urban markets yield limited returns. These findings highlight the conditional nature of leadership and underscore the need for context-sensitive, shock-responsive, and spatially differentiated enterprise support.
MICROENTERPRISE INTERVENTIONS AND PERFORMANCE OF LOW INCOME HOUSEHOLDS IN KENYA: A CASE OF SMALL ENTERPRISE OWNERS IN KIAMBU COUNTY
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Bridget Wavinya Mutiso; Prof. Peter Kithae
This study explored the effect of microenterprise interventions on performance of low-income households in Kiambu County, Kenya who received entrepreneurship training from various microfinances (MFIs) in the year 2024. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting 152 microenterprise operators, of whom 111 successfully participated. Data were analyzed using SPSS through both descriptive and inferential statistics. The regression results revealed that business skills training had a statistically significant positive effect on household performance (R = 0.578; R² = 0.334; Adjusted R² = 0.336; F (1,109) = 52.289, p < 0.001; β = 0.421, t = 2.492, p < 0.001). These findings indicated that business skills training accounted for approximately 33.4% of the variation in household performance. Respondents who had received business skills training reported improved record keeping, business planning, customer relation, and profitability. The study concluded that capacity-building initiatives focusing on business skills development significantly enhanced microenterprise sustainability and household welfare. The study thus recommended for integration of entrepreneurial training with mentorship and access to finance to strengthen the resilience and performance of low-income households in Kenya.
EFFECT OF STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION ON SUSTAINABILITY OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECTS IN UASIN GISHU COUNTY, KENYA
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Christine Jepkoech; Mr. Tom Kawino
The sustainability of solid waste management projects remains a major challenge in many developing countries despite substantial investments in infrastructure and technology. This study examined the effect of stakeholder participation on the sustainability of solid waste management projects in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study was guided by Stakeholder Theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population consisted of 250 different individuals actively involved or affected by SWMPs in the county. A sample size of 152 respondents was achieved using the Yamane formula. Participants were sampled using stratified sampling. The information was collected using questionnaires, and a pilot study was carried out in Nakuru City to determine the validity and reliability of research instruments. The data was subsequently coded and placed into a computer where the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 25) was used to analyze them. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics was based on frequencies, percentage, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics were correlation and regression analysis. Analyzed data was presented in form of tables. The results revealed that stakeholder participation has a positive and significant effect on sustainability of Solid Waste Management Projects in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya (β1=0.207, p=0.004). The study concluded that Stakeholder participation is crucial for sustainability of Solid Waste Management (SWM) projects in Uasin Gishu County. It recommends that county governments institutionalize stakeholder participation frameworks that promote regular consultation, transparency, and community engagement in waste management initiatives. The study contributes to policy and practice by providing empirical evidence that stakeholder participation is a critical determinant of sustainability in public environmental projects and underscores the importance of inclusive governance for effective solid waste management in Kenya.
SUCCESSION PLANNING STRATEGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA PIPELINE COMPANY LIMITED
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Kapsir Jepkoech Noela; Mr. Jared Osoro
This study examined the effect of talent identification and development, as well as leadership training, on organizational performance. The target population consisted of 357 employees from the Nairobi Depot and Head Office, and a stratified random sample of 186 respondents was drawn from the Human Resources, Operations, Finance, Procurement, Legal, and Audit departments. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising both qualitative and quantitative items designed on a 5-point Likert scale to capture perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. The instrument was pilot tested with 10% of the sample to ensure reliability, assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (minimum threshold of 0.70), and validity through expert review. Data collection was conducted electronically via Google Forms, with strict adherence to ethical standards including informed consent, voluntary participation, confidentiality, and anonymity. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS Version 28 through descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis to determine the strength and direction of relationships between the independent and dependent variables, while qualitative responses were analyzed thematically. The findings provided empirical evidence that succession planning strategies significantly enhance organizational performance. The correlation between talent development and organizational performance showed a moderate positive relationship, while the regression coefficient indicated that a unit increase in talent development led to a corresponding improvement in performance. Similarly, the correlation between leadership training and organizational performance revealed a strong positive relationship, and the regression results implied that a unit increase in leadership training resulted in a notable rise in performance. The study recommends that the organization strengthen its talent development initiatives through structured mentorship programs, leadership training, and regular talent reviews to promote leadership continuity, and further apply transparent career development and promotion policies to enhance employee motivation, ensure fairness, and sustain organizational effectiveness.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION INITIATIVES AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA AIRWAYS
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Omondi Mathews Nunda; Dr. Samuel Thiong’o
DATA-DRIVEN LEADERSHIP AND STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING IN PUBLIC SECTOR IN KENYA. A CASE OF THE MINISTRY OF COOPERATIVE AND MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Rose Kiptoo; Prof. Peter Kithae
The Ministry of Cooperative and MSME Development holds a key position in promoting the expansion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are vital to economic growth and job creation. To improve service delivery and support strategic planning, the Ministry has begun incorporating data driven leadership into its operations. However, the impact of this data driven leadership on strategic decision-making has not been thoroughly examined. Despite the government's ongoing push to digitize public services, significant obstacles remain in fully integrating data driven leadership into the Ministry’s strategic planning and decision-making activities. This study aimed to assess the relationship between Data-Driven Leadership and strategic decision making in public sector in Kenya within the Ministry of Cooperatives and MSMEs Development. The study was guided by transformational leadership theory. A descriptive research design guided the study. The target population comprised 300 officials from the Ministry of Cooperative and MSME Development, from which a sample of 120 respondents was selected. Primary data were collected using both structured and semi-structured questionnaires. quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Multiple regression analysis was employed to evaluate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The findings indicated that Data-Driven Leadership (β = 0.615, p < 0.05) significantly impact the effectiveness of decision-making. The study concludes that Data-Driven Leadership significantly enhances strategic decision-making by fostering evidence-based insights, efficiency, and organizational adaptability.
THE INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC REFERRAL HOSPITALS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Lucy Ongachi Osinde; Mr. Johnson Kianda
Public referral hospitals in Kenya face persistent performance challenges, including inefficient service delivery, resource constraints, and staff shortages that undermine their healthcare mandate. This study assessed the influence of management strategies, leadership style, strategic orientation, staff competencies, and technology integration, on the organizational performance of Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). Using a descriptive research design, data were collected from a sample of 357 respondents and analyzed using descriptive, correlation, and regression techniques. The results revealed that all four management strategies positively influenced performance, with strategic orientation emerging as the strongest predictor, followed by staff competencies, technology integration, and leadership style. Collectively, the variables explained 53.8% of the variance in performance. The study concludes that a synergistic approach to strengthening these strategies is crucial for improving hospital efficiency and service quality. It recommends blended leadership styles, evidence-based strategic planning, capacity building, and digital transformation to enhance institutional performance.
ELECTRONIC PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF THE INLAND TRANSPORT INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA PORTS AUTHORITY, MOMBASA
(management university of africa, 2025-11) David Kerosi; Dr. Paul Machoka
The study looked at how the Kenya Ports Authority's (KPA) procurement performance was affected by electronic procurement methods. The increased demand for accountability, efficiency, and openness in public procurement within Kenya's inland transport sector served as the impetus for the study. The study's primary goal was to find out how electronic procurement procedures affect KPA's procurement performance. Its specific goals were to ascertain how e-tendering, e-auctioning, e-cataloguing, and e invoicing affect procurement outcomes. The Resource-Based View, Transaction Cost Economics, and the Technology Acceptance Model served as the study's guiding principles. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods in a descriptive mixed-method design. Through organized surveys, document inspections, and interviews, information was gathered from 240 Kenya Ports Authority workers. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28 was used to analyze the data, utilizing multiple regression analysis, correlation, and descriptive statistics. The study established that procurement inefficiencies, limited transparency, and high transaction costs affected organizational performance. The theoretical framework emphasized the influence of internal capabilities, transaction efficiency, and technology acceptance on procurement performance. The literature review revealed that electronic procurement enhances operational efficiency, accountability, and cost reduction within public institutions. The conceptual framework demonstrated the interrelationship link procurement procedures and procurement success, demonstrating how digital solutions can enhance institutional results. The population characteristics, sampling techniques, and data collection tools were all described in depth in the research design. Cronbach's alpha, expert evaluation, and pilot testing were used to verify validity and reliability. The ethical precepts of secrecy, anonymity, and informed consent were upheld. The findings revealed that the four e-procurement practices jointly explained 69.2% of the variation in procurement performance at KPA (R² = 0.692). Individually, e-tendering contributed 22.8%, e-auctioning 18.6%, e-cataloguing 15.4%, and e-invoicing 12.4% to procurement performance. The results further showed that procurement planning moderated these effects and emerged as the strongest predictor of performance outcomes. The adoption International Journal of Management and Leadership Studies, 2026 Volume 6 Issue 1 940 of e-procurement improved efficiency, enhanced transparency, and reduced transaction costs. Findings showed increased effectiveness, more openness, and decreased procurement costs resulting from the adoption of electronic procurement systems. The study concluded that improving staff competency, strengthening contract management, ensuring adequate resource allocation, and institutionalizing procurement planning enhance procurement performance. Recommendations included continuous capacity building, integration of risk management practices, and increased investment in ICT infrastructure to sustain e-procurement effectiveness. The research provided empirical evidence on the significance of electronic procurement practices in improving efficiency, cost control, and accountability within the Kenya Ports Authority. The study contributed to policy formulation, institutional development, and academic discourse on digital transformation in public procurement systems.
MICROFINANCE SERVICES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN SELF-HELP GROUPS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF STANDARD WOMEN SELF HELP GROUP IN UASIN GISHU COUNTY
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Karen Chepngetich Mutai; Amos Agu
This study examines the impact of microfinance services on the financial performance of women self-help groups in Kenya, specifically the Standard Women Self-Help Group in Langas Ward, Usain Gishu County. Despite the expanding role of microfinance in empowering women entrepreneurs, limited research addresses the combined effects of credit, savings, training, and insurance in informal urban settings. The study’s sample consisted of 109 active women entrepreneurs selected through stratified random sampling from approximately 150 group members. Data collection involved structured questionnaires and focus group discussions, with instrument reliability confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha values exceeding 0.7. Quantitative analysis employed descriptive statistics, regression, and ANOVA to evaluate outcomes including income growth, savings mobilization, loan repayment capacity, and business expansion. Findings indicate that microfinance training significantly improves financial performance, whereas credit, savings, and insurance positively but not significantly influence outcomes. The integrated microfinance services explain variations modestly, emphasizing the influence of socio-economic and contextual factors. Recommendations urge tailored microfinance strategies addressing informal settlement challenges, increased training and advisory services, streamlined loan processes, and enhanced awareness and accessibility of insurance products. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the importance of integrated microfinance approaches with capacity-building components to foster sustainable economic empowerment among women self-help groups. These insights offer practical and policy guidance for microfinance institutions, development practitioners, and policymakers aiming to strengthen financial inclusion and resilience for women entrepreneurs in peri-urban Kenya.
EFFECT OF COMMUNICATION ON THE BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOLS PERFORMANCE AT GREAT NEWS ACADEMY, MALINDI SUB-COUNTY, KILIFI COUNTY, KENYA
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Christopher Kambi Mumba; Mr. Leseiyo Moses
This study examined the effect of communication on the performance of basic education schools in Kenya, focusing on Great News Academy, Malindi. The study adopted a correlational survey design to establish the relationship between managerial communication and school performance. The target population comprised 551 individuals, including administrators, teachers, and support staff, from which a sample of 232 respondents was selected using stratified random sampling to ensure representativeness across categories. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires, which provided quantitative insights into the effectiveness of communication practices. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including correlation analysis, to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between communication and school performance. The findings revealed a positive and statistically significant correlation between effective communication and school performance, indicating that open, timely, and clear communication among school managers, teachers, and stakeholders enhance organizational coordination and student outcomes. The study recommended that school management strengthen internal communication channels, promote participatory dialogue, and implement feedback mechanisms to ensure transparency and collaboration. Such measures would foster shared understanding, improve decision-making efficiency, and ultimately enhance overall school performance in basic education institutions.
ON-THE-JOB LEARNING AS A CATALYST FOR IMPROVED EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN DEVOLVED GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS. A CASE OF THE COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF MURANG’A
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Noah Gachanja; Dr. Angeline Wambugu
This paper examined on-the-Job Learning as a Catalyst for Improved Employee Performance in Devolved Government Systems. A Case Study of County Government of Murang’a, Kenya. A descriptive research design was used, targeting 1,022 management level employees. A sample of 287 respondents was selected using stratified random sampling, and data were collected through structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were conducted using SPSS (Version 25). The results indicated that on-the-job learning significantly enhanced employee performance, with an overall composite mean of 3.64. Employees reported that on-the-job learning improved proactive communication (M = 4.46, SD = 0.92), skill utilization (M = 4.37, SD = 0.95), and problem-solving ability (M = 4.26, SD = 1.00). Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between on-the-job learning and performance (r = 0.543, p < 0.01), while regression results revealed that on-the-job learning explained 29% of the variance in employee performance. The study concludes that structured on-the-job learning fosters adaptability, innovation, and efficiency in devolved government systems. It recommends institutionalizing workplace learning through formal programs, reflection workshops, and feedback mechanisms to enhance public sector service delivery. Future research should adopt longitudinal and comparative designs to assess the sustainability of on-the-job learning outcomes across counties and sectors.
MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND SOCIAL PROTECTION IN KENYA
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Sabastian Mugo; Mr. Brown Kitur
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of Management Development Programmed on employee performance in the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection in Kenya. The study was guided by four specific objectives: to determine the effect of team building, conflict management, coaching, and succession planning on employee performance within the Ministry. The research was significant to government agencies, policymakers, investors, and human resource practitioners as it provided insights into how management development initiatives enhance workforce efficiency, employee satisfaction, and institutional effectiveness. The study was anchored on Human Capital Theory, Transformational Leadership Theory, and Goal-Setting Theory. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting a population of 200 employees drawn from the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection. Stratified random sampling was used to select 100 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, while a pilot study involving 10 participants from a similar government institution was conducted to test the reliability and validity of the instrument. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 28). Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, and percentages were used, while inferential statistics including correlation and regression analysis were employed to establish relationships between variables. The findings were presented using tables, figures, and graphs, and ethical principles such as confidentiality, informed consent, and voluntary participation were strictly observed. The findings revealed that management development programmed had a significant positive influence on employee performance in the Ministry. Team building was found to enhance collaboration, communication, and morale, leading to higher levels of productivity and commitment. Effective conflict management practices contributed to improved teamwork, reduced workplace tension, and higher efficiency. Coaching enhanced employee confidence, decision-making ability, and job satisfaction, while succession planning ensured leadership continuity, employee motivation, and organizational stability. The study concluded that management development programmed are crucial for improving employee performance and achieving institutional goals. It recommended that the Ministry should invest consistently in structured team- International Journal of Management and Leadership Studies, 2026 Volume 6 Issue 1 644building initiatives, establish continuous conflict management training, strengthen coaching and mentorship programmers, and institutionalize succession planning to ensure leadership continuity and organizational resilience. The study further suggested that future research should examine the long-term effects of management development programmed across different government ministries and incorporate qualitative approaches to provide deeper insights into employee perceptions and behavioral hangs.
DIGITAL SUPPLY CHAIN OPTIMIZATION AND FOOD SECURITY FOR FRESH PRODUCE IN NAIROBI COUNTY: A CASE STUDY OF KIBRA SUB-COUNTY
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Ingolo Josphine Aluko; Dr. Derow Aden
Food security is a critical challenge in Kenya, with approximately half of the population living in poverty and about 7.5 million, in extreme poverty. This is undermined by challenges in the fresh produce supply chain, such as poor market access and high food loss rates, which adversely affect nutrition outcomes. This study examines the impact of digital supply chain optimization encompassing digital logistics integration, digital market linkages, digital traceability, digital transparency and information sharing, on food security. Grounded under systems theory, the study employed a cross-sectional design. Data was collected from 319 stakeholders via questionnaires and interviews, analyzed using SPSS Version 28 for descriptive and regression statistics, and content analysis for qualitative insights. The findings indicated that digital logistics integration had the strongest positive impact through improved delivery efficiency and reduced post-harvest losses. Digital market linkages showed significant influence, facilitated by mobile platforms, though adoption was constrained by low digital literacy and unreliable internet. Digital traceability systems had limited adoption due to infrastructural barriers, while digital transparency enhanced decision-making but lacked a regulatory framework. Analysis of qualitative insights highlighted stakeholder demand for low technology solutions. Recommendations set out include the establishment of community Wi-Fi hubs, implementation of SMS-based tools, provision of digital literacy programs and creation of farmer cooperatives to facilitate the scaling of digital interventions. This research makes a contribution to Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) and Kenya's Food and Nutrition Security Policy, highlighting strategies for urban food systems in low-resource settings.
GRIEVANCE HANDLING PROCEDURES AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE WATER SERVICE SECTOR IN KENYA. A CASE STUDY OF NAIROBI CITY WATER AND SEWERAGE COMPANY
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Ezekiel Njathi Hans; Mr. David Kanyanjua
The practice of managing employee relations in organizations has been observed to influence staff performance in one way or the other. For the practice to be more effective, leaders and managers are required to adopt effective respect, good channels of communication and build trust between individuals. The general objective of this study was to assess the effect of grievance handling procedures on employee performance of NCWSC Ltd. The Pluralist theory served as the primary theoretical framework for theoretical debate. 3239 middle and upper-level management staff members at NCWSC who were eligible for unionization made up the study's target population. Using a stratified selection strategy, 356 individuals were selected from the target population to serve as the sample, and data were gathered through the use of questionnaires as research instruments. A descriptive research design was employed in the study. a pilot study to confirm the reliability and validity of the research. The data were assessed using both descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 22. Study findings were presented using graphs, tables and descriptive summaries. The study established that; Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company's grievance resolution process is effective in settling disagreements, according to survey participants, who moderately agreed on an average mean score of 3.5266. With a correlation coefficient of r = 219 and a p-value of 008, grievance resolution demonstrated a modest but significant positive link, suggesting that there is a slight benefit to improving grievance resolution. Finally, a moderate regression effect (β =.187; p = 0.019) of grievance handling procedures on employee performance suggested that settling grievances has a beneficial impact on employee performance. The study concludes that grievance handling procedures have a positive influence on employee performance at Nairobi City Water and Sewerage company. The study found that poor co-ordination between part at NCWS in grievance resolutions. The study recommends fostering collaboration between key stakeholders, such as employees, management and labor unions, to create a transparent and structured grievance resolution process.
INTEGRATIVE LEADERSHIP STYLE AND THE ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Mungatana Danson Buya; Prof. Emmanuel Awuor; Dr. Ole Mapelu
State businesses are essential to Kenya's Vision 2030, which seeks industrialization and enhanced quality of life. Recent statistics from the Kenya National Treasury reveal subpar performance, characterized by substantial cumulative losses in the 2021/2022 financial year. The objective of this stud was to establish the relationship between integrative leadership style and organizational performance of commercial state corporations in Kenya. Utilizing the Full Range Leadership Model and Resource-Based View Theory (RBV), the research implemented a cross-sectional survey design, gathering data from top management teams of all 52 commercial state corporations in Kenya via purposive sampling, while adhering rigorously to ethical standards during data analysis. The study results revealed that the Pearson correlation coefficient between integrative leadership style and organizational performance was R = -0.730, with a significance level (p-value) of 0.000. This robust positive connection signifies that an increase in integrative leadership style is associated with a substantial improvement in organizational effectiveness. The R Square value was 0.533, indicating that about 53.3% of the variation in organizational performance is attributable to the integrative leadership style. This conclusion underscores the significance of a successful integrative leadership style in improving several facets of organizational performance, reinforcing the notion that leadership styles promoting cooperation and employee engagement provide superior results. The study recommends that commercial state corporations in Kenya priorities and invest in the development of integrative leadership style initiatives. Considering the favorable view and considerable influence of integrative leadership on organizational performance, training programs should specifically emphasize the enhancement of leaders' skills in staff development, promoting ethical conduct, and instilling confidence in subordinates.”
EFFECT OF TRANSPARENCY PRACTICES ON SUSTAINABLE CLIMATE RESILIENT NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL-KENYA
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Linet Nabuwaya Mukhula; Ms. Patricia Njoki
Transparency mechanisms play a critical role in ensuring sustainable and climate resilient natural resource management (NRM), particularly in the face of increasing climate-related challenges. This study sought to assess how Transparency Mechanisms enhance sustainable NRM, focusing on Transparency International-Kenya (TI-Kenya) as a case study. Grounded in Environmental Governance Theory, the research employed a quantitative approach, drawing insights from a diverse range of stakeholders to capture quantitative dimensions of governance effectiveness. The target population was 150 people who included TI-Kenya employees, policymakers, environmental experts, and local community representatives, selected through stratified and purposive sampling techniques. The findings affirmed that sound transparency mechanisms were indispensable in fostering sustainable, climate-resilient natural resource management at Transparency International-Kenya. The study recommended that future research could explore how these corporate governance mechanisms function in more diverse contexts, particularly among smaller grassroots organizations or in different geographical regions facing distinct climate impacts.
MEDIATING ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON COVID 19 CONTAINMENT MEASURES AND PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BEVERAGE ENTERPRISES IN ACCRA, GHANA.
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Sanjeet Kumar Pattnaik; Dr. Domeniter Naomi Kathula
This study investigated the mediating role of transformational leadership in the relationship between COVID-19 pandemic containment measures and performance of SMEs beverage manufacturing sector in Accra, Ghana. The research adopted cross-sectional design and an exploratory design. A quantitative research approach was used to analysis empirical data collected. The study used self- administered research questionnaires as instruments for data collection. Primary data was relied upon to obtain the requisite data for analysis. The primary data was collected from a sample consisting of one hundred (100) respondents from a population of five hundred (500) leaders and Owner/CEOs of the selected SMEs using stratified sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The data was analyzed using the structural equation model (Smarts 3.0). The findings indicated that COVID-19 containment measures did not have a significant effect on performance of SMEs beverage manufacturing sector. COVID-19 containment measures significantly influence transformational leadership. Results showed that transformational leadership has a significant impact on performance of SMEs in beverage manufacturing. The results indicated that transformational leadership mediates the relationship between COVID-19 containment measures and performance of SMEs beverage manufacturing.
DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES AND GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MACHAKOS COUNTY, KENYA
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Christine Mbithi; Dr. Samuel Thiong’o
This study assessed the effect of digital marketing strategies namely Social Media Marketing, Search Engine Optimization (SEO), Email Marketing, and Online Advertising on the growth of SMEs in Machakos County. The study was anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which guided the understanding of both social media marketing and SME growth. The Resource-Based View (RBV) supported the SEO dimension; the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory guided the evaluation of email marketing. A descriptive research design was employed, targeting 18,476 registered SMEs. A stratified random sample of 377 respondents was selected, and 340 valid responses were obtained, representing a 90.2% response rate. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, and the reliability of the instrument was confirmed with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.762 to 0.808, indicating high internal consistency. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS Version 28. The results revealed that all four digital marketing strategies had a significant and positive effect on SME growth. Social Media Marketing emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.412), followed by Online Advertising (β = 0.338), Email Marketing (β = 0.286), and SEO (β = 0.319). The model reported an R² of 0.612 and adjusted R² of 0.608, indicating that the four strategies collectively explained 61.2% of the variance in SME growth. ANOVA results further confirmed the model’s significance (F = 51.327, p < 0.05). The study concluded that digital marketing strategies significantly contributed to SME growth by enhancing customer engagement, brand visibility, and profitability. However, challenges persisted, including digital skill gaps, limited access to analytics tools, and constrained marketing budgets. The study recommended that SMEs invest in digital skills training, utilize affordable analytics platforms and strengthen partnerships with public and private stakeholders to enhance their digital marketing capacity. Future research should explore the role of emerging digital innovations such as artificial intelligence, mobile commerce, and influencer marketing in advancing SME performance across different counties in Kenya.
CAPACITY BUILDING BY BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS AND MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS’ GROWTH IN THE KENYAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR
(management university of africa, 2025-11) Charles Karumba; Ms. Laura Nyaloti
Capacity building emerged as the most influential factor for organizational growth. The research paper explores the effect of capacity-building initiatives by business associations such as the Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM) on the growth of member organizations within Kenya’s manufacturing sector. The research designs embraced a descriptive research design focusing on 534 member SMEs of KAM. Structured questionnaires were used to gather the primary data, which was assessed with help of multiple regression analysis. The results showed that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between capacity-building programs and the growth of member organizations. The research concludes that association-led training and knowledge improvement programs enhance operational efficiency, innovation capability, and competitiveness of the members. It advises that business associations must make more investments into special trainings, mentorship, and collaboration with educational and technical institutions in order to reinforce the performance and longevity of the sector.