IJMLS Volume 6 Issue I
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Item INCOME LEVELS AND DAIRY FARMERS’ MEMBERSHIP IN COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES: A CASE OF GITHUNGURI DAIRY FARMERS COOPERATIVE SOCIETY, KENYA(management university of africa, 2026-11) Francis Njuguna Nyoro; Dr. Samuel ThiongoThis paper investigated the influence of income levels on dairy farmers’ membership in cooperative societies, focusing on the Githunguri Dairy Farmers Cooperative Society in Kiambu County, Kenya. Cooperative societies are widely recognized for promoting economic stability, collective bargaining, and market access among smallholder farmers. While previous studies have shown that cooperative membership can enhance household income, there is limited empirical evidence on how pre-existing income levels determine farmers’ decisions to join and remain active in cooperatives. Using descriptive research design, data were collected from 316 respondents comprising management and staff through structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics summarized member perceptions of income stability, while inferential analyses—including Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression—examined the relationship between income levels and membership. The findings indicate a positive and significant correlation (r = 0.523, p < 0.01), with regression analysis confirming that income levels significantly predict cooperative membership (β = 0.215, p < 0.01), explaining 27.3% of the variation in membership. Higher and more stable income enhances farmers’ ability to meet cooperative obligations, strengthens trust in management, and fosters long-term participation. These results support Rational Choice Theory by demonstrating that farmers’ economic incentives influence their cooperative engagement. Practically, the study recommends implementing stable pricing, timely bonuses, and transparent profit-sharing mechanisms to enhance member loyalty, while policymakers should support initiatives that stabilize incomes and reduce barriers to participation. Future research could explore the impact of digital platforms and socio-cultural networks on membership decisions, complementing income-based analyses.Item ASSESSING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE SANITATION SERVICE DELIVERY: INSIGHTS FROM KENYA’S NATIONWIDE REAL-TIME MONITORING INFORMATION SYSTEM(management university of africa, 2025-11) Mercy M. Miriti; Dr. Dorothy Medza TsumaTechnological innovation has become central to enhancing efficiency, transparency, and accountability in public service delivery, particularly in the sanitation sector of developing countries. This study assessed the effect of technological factors on sustainable sanitation service delivery, drawing insights from Kenya’s Nationwide Realtime Monitoring Information System (RTMIS) under the Ministry of Health. Anchored on the sustainability theory and supported by institutional Theory, stakeholder theory and resource-based view theory, the study adopted a descriptive and explanatory research design combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected from 394 respondents, including Community Health Promoters, County Health Officers, and RTMIS administrators, through questionnaires and key informant interviews. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted using SPSS version 27. Findings revealed that technological innovation significantly influenced sustainable sanitation service delivery (β = 0.412, p < 0.05), explaining 31.6% of the variance in service sustainability. Key factors included automation, interoperability, and digital infrastructure, while limited user training and system maintenance constrained effectiveness. The study concludes that technological innovation enhances sustainability when supported by institutional commitment, reliable infrastructure, and user capacity. It recommends policy reforms to strengthen digital infrastructure, regular user training, and dedicated funding for RTMIS maintenance to ensure long-term functionality anddata-driven sanitation governance in Kenya.Item DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES AND GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MACHAKOS COUNTY, KENYA(management university of africa, 2025-11) Christine Mbithi; Dr. Samuel Thiong’oThis study assessed the effect of digital marketing strategies namely Social Media Marketing, Search Engine Optimization (SEO), Email Marketing, and Online Advertising on the growth of SMEs in Machakos County. The study was anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which guided the understanding of both social media marketing and SME growth. The Resource-Based View (RBV) supported the SEO dimension; the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory guided the evaluation of email marketing. A descriptive research design was employed, targeting 18,476 registered SMEs. A stratified random sample of 377 respondents was selected, and 340 valid responses were obtained, representing a 90.2% response rate. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, and the reliability of the instrument was confirmed with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.762 to 0.808, indicating high internal consistency. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS Version 28. The results revealed that all four digital marketing strategies had a significant and positive effect on SME growth. Social Media Marketing emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.412), followed by Online Advertising (β = 0.338), Email Marketing (β = 0.286), and SEO (β = 0.319). The model reported an R² of 0.612 and adjusted R² of 0.608, indicating that the four strategies collectively explained 61.2% of the variance in SME growth. ANOVA results further confirmed the model’s significance (F = 51.327, p < 0.05). The study concluded that digital marketing strategies significantly contributed to SME growth by enhancing customer engagement, brand visibility, and profitability. However, challenges persisted, including digital skill gaps, limited access to analytics tools, and constrained marketing budgets. The study recommended that SMEs invest in digital skills training, utilize affordable analytics platforms and strengthen partnerships with public and private stakeholders to enhance their digital marketing capacity. Future research should explore the role of emerging digital innovations such as artificial intelligence, mobile commerce, and influencer marketing in advancing SME performance across different counties in Kenya.Item ELECTRONIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN COUNTY GOVERNMENT IN KENYA: A CASE OF WAJIR COUNTY(management university of africa, 2025-11) Hanan Mohamed Bashir; Ms. Edna MoriasCounty governments in Kenya were established to decentralize authority and enhance service delivery, addressing marginalization under centralized governance. Despite these efforts, challenges such as poor waste management, pollution, water shortages, and deteriorating infrastructure persist, mainly due to inadequate employee performance. This study examined the influence of the electronic human resource information system (E-HRMIS) on employee performance in Wajir County Government, focusing on Recruitment, E-Training, E-Appraisal, and E-Payroll management. Anchored on the Resource-Based View, Human Capital, and Contingency theories, the study adopted a cross-sectional survey design targeting 4,098 employees, with a stratified random sample of 101 respondents. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 28 through descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that all four E-HRMIS components—Recruitment (r = 0.716, p < 0.01), E-Appraisal (r = 0.627, p < 0.01), E-Payroll (r = 0.597, p < 0.01), and E-Training (r = 0.588, p < 0.01)—had strong, positive, and statistically significant correlations with employee performance. The regression model explained 65.4% of the variance (R² = 0.654), with E-Recruitment (β = 0.421) emerging as the strongest predictor. The study concludes that an integrated E-HRMIS framework enhances productivity, transparency, and accountability in public service delivery. It recommends that Wajir County strengthen E-Recruitment and E-Training systems, improve communication and fairness in E-Appraisal and enhance accessibility in Payroll management. Implementing these data-driven strategies can optimize human resource management and elevate service delivery across county governments.Item EFFECT OF STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION ON SUSTAINABILITY OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECTS IN UASIN GISHU COUNTY, KENYA(management university of africa, 2025-11) Christine Jepkoech; Mr. Tom KawinoThe sustainability of solid waste management projects remains a major challenge in many developing countries despite substantial investments in infrastructure and technology. This study examined the effect of stakeholder participation on the sustainability of solid waste management projects in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study was guided by Stakeholder Theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population consisted of 250 different individuals actively involved or affected by SWMPs in the county. A sample size of 152 respondents was achieved using the Yamane formula. Participants were sampled using stratified sampling. The information was collected using questionnaires, and a pilot study was carried out in Nakuru City to determine the validity and reliability of research instruments. The data was subsequently coded and placed into a computer where the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 25) was used to analyze them. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics was based on frequencies, percentage, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics were correlation and regression analysis. Analyzed data was presented in form of tables. The results revealed that stakeholder participation has a positive and significant effect on sustainability of Solid Waste Management Projects in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya (β1=0.207, p=0.004). The study concluded that Stakeholder participation is crucial for sustainability of Solid Waste Management (SWM) projects in Uasin Gishu County. It recommends that county governments institutionalize stakeholder participation frameworks that promote regular consultation, transparency, and community engagement in waste management initiatives. The study contributes to policy and practice by providing empirical evidence that stakeholder participation is a critical determinant of sustainability in public environmental projects and underscores the importance of inclusive governance for effective solid waste management in Kenya.Item MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND SOCIAL PROTECTION IN KENYA(management university of africa, 2025-11) Sabastian Mugo; Mr. Brown KiturThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of Management Development Programmed on employee performance in the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection in Kenya. The study was guided by four specific objectives: to determine the effect of team building, conflict management, coaching, and succession planning on employee performance within the Ministry. The research was significant to government agencies, policymakers, investors, and human resource practitioners as it provided insights into how management development initiatives enhance workforce efficiency, employee satisfaction, and institutional effectiveness. The study was anchored on Human Capital Theory, Transformational Leadership Theory, and Goal-Setting Theory. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting a population of 200 employees drawn from the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection. Stratified random sampling was used to select 100 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, while a pilot study involving 10 participants from a similar government institution was conducted to test the reliability and validity of the instrument. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 28). Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, and percentages were used, while inferential statistics including correlation and regression analysis were employed to establish relationships between variables. The findings were presented using tables, figures, and graphs, and ethical principles such as confidentiality, informed consent, and voluntary participation were strictly observed. The findings revealed that management development programmed had a significant positive influence on employee performance in the Ministry. Team building was found to enhance collaboration, communication, and morale, leading to higher levels of productivity and commitment. Effective conflict management practices contributed to improved teamwork, reduced workplace tension, and higher efficiency. Coaching enhanced employee confidence, decision-making ability, and job satisfaction, while succession planning ensured leadership continuity, employee motivation, and organizational stability. The study concluded that management development programmed are crucial for improving employee performance and achieving institutional goals. It recommended that the Ministry should invest consistently in structured team- International Journal of Management and Leadership Studies, 2026 Volume 6 Issue 1 644building initiatives, establish continuous conflict management training, strengthen coaching and mentorship programmers, and institutionalize succession planning to ensure leadership continuity and organizational resilience. The study further suggested that future research should examine the long-term effects of management development programmed across different government ministries and incorporate qualitative approaches to provide deeper insights into employee perceptions and behavioral hangs.Item EFFECT OF TRANSPARENCY PRACTICES ON SUSTAINABLE CLIMATE RESILIENT NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL-KENYA(management university of africa, 2025-11) Linet Nabuwaya Mukhula; Ms. Patricia NjokiTransparency mechanisms play a critical role in ensuring sustainable and climate resilient natural resource management (NRM), particularly in the face of increasing climate-related challenges. This study sought to assess how Transparency Mechanisms enhance sustainable NRM, focusing on Transparency International-Kenya (TI-Kenya) as a case study. Grounded in Environmental Governance Theory, the research employed a quantitative approach, drawing insights from a diverse range of stakeholders to capture quantitative dimensions of governance effectiveness. The target population was 150 people who included TI-Kenya employees, policymakers, environmental experts, and local community representatives, selected through stratified and purposive sampling techniques. The findings affirmed that sound transparency mechanisms were indispensable in fostering sustainable, climate-resilient natural resource management at Transparency International-Kenya. The study recommended that future research could explore how these corporate governance mechanisms function in more diverse contexts, particularly among smaller grassroots organizations or in different geographical regions facing distinct climate impacts.Item THE INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC REFERRAL HOSPITALS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL(management university of africa, 2025-11) Lucy Ongachi Osinde; Mr. Johnson KiandaPublic referral hospitals in Kenya face persistent performance challenges, including inefficient service delivery, resource constraints, and staff shortages that undermine their healthcare mandate. This study assessed the influence of management strategies, leadership style, strategic orientation, staff competencies, and technology integration, on the organizational performance of Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). Using a descriptive research design, data were collected from a sample of 357 respondents and analyzed using descriptive, correlation, and regression techniques. The results revealed that all four management strategies positively influenced performance, with strategic orientation emerging as the strongest predictor, followed by staff competencies, technology integration, and leadership style. Collectively, the variables explained 53.8% of the variance in performance. The study concludes that a synergistic approach to strengthening these strategies is crucial for improving hospital efficiency and service quality. It recommends blended leadership styles, evidence-based strategic planning, capacity building, and digital transformation to enhance institutional performance.Item CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND DAIRY FARMERS’ MEMBERSHIP IN COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES: A CASE OF GITHUNGURI DAIRY FARMERS COOPERATIVE SOCIETY(management university of africa, 2025-11) Francis Njuguna Nyoro; Dr. Samuel Thiong’oGlobally, cooperative societies are recognized as pivotal in enhancing economic empowerment among smallholder farmers by facilitating resource pooling, knowledge sharing, and market access. In Kenya, dairy cooperatives play a critical role in connecting farmers to formal markets, offering fair pricing, and enabling access to credit and training. Despite these benefits, governance challenges such as weak leadership, limited member oversight, and poor communication often undermine member participation and trust. This study examined the relationship between corporate governance and dairy farmers’ membership, focusing on Githunguri Dairy Farmers Cooperative Society in Kiambu County. Employing a descriptive research design, the study targeted 1,515 management and staff members, with a stratified random sample of 316 participants. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, validated through expert review and pilot testing, and analyzed with SPSS using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between corporate governance and membership (r = 0.612, p < 0.01), with governance practices explaining 37.5% of membership variance. The study concludes that robust governance structures enhance trust, satisfaction, and sustained membership, and recommends policy, managerial, and technological interventions to strengthen cooperative governance and member engagement.Item VALUE-ADDED PROGRAMMES AND PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN KENYA: A CASE OF INCUBATED SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN KISUMU CITY(management university of africa, 2025-11) Daniel Lemayian Kitiyia; Prof. Peter KithaeThis study investigated the effect of value-added programmed on performance of SMEs within Kisumu City’s business incubation programmer. It specifically examined the effect of innovation, and capacity building on SME performance. The study was anchored in the Social Exchange Theory and the Dynamic Capabilities Theory, which provided a strong theoretical foundation for understanding the mechanisms through which incubation support enterprise growth. A descriptive research design was employed, targeting 2,800 SME owners participating in the incubation programmer and 44 field officers from enterprise support organizations (making a total of 2,844 target population). Using the Miller and Brewer (2021) formula, a sample of 323 respondents was selected through probability and random sampling methods. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS (version 26) and Microsoft Excel. Descriptive statistics (percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferential techniques (regression, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation) were applied. Findings revealed that innovation significantly enhanced value addition and SME performance, while capacity-building provided essential skills for growth. The model explained 55.5% (R² = 0.555) of the variance in performance, and the ANOVA test confirmed the model’s validity (F = 65.634; p < 0.05). The study concluded that value addition through incubation programmed plays a vital role in improving SME performance. It recommended that managers, policymakers, and stakeholders strengthen innovation, and capacity building to enhance SME growth and sustainability.