BACHELOR OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

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FACTORS AFFECTING DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN KENYA. A CASE STUDY OF BUDALANGI FLOOD PLAIN IN BUSIA COUNTY
(MUA, 2022-07) KEVIN NONGA
Disaster management is very paramount aspect as far as development is concerned. Disasters are inevitable therefore it is necessary to consider how we can manage them. The study sought to investigate the various problems affecting disaster management in Kenya a case study of Budalangi in Busia County. One of the general objectives was to determine the influence of disaster management policy on disaster management in Budalangi in terms of budget allocation and available resources to implement the policy .The specific objectives were; To find out the impact of farming practices along river banks on disaster management, to investigate the effect of siltation in river Nzoia on disaster management, to determine the influence of rural infrastructure on disaster management, to determine the effect of political will on disaster. The research adopted descriptive research design in attempt to investigate the factors affecting disaster management .The population which was targeted for this study was 16,000 residents of Busia County. The researcher determined the instrument’s content and construct validity.Primary data was gathered directly from the respondents through questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used in data analysis. The researcher found out how Disaster management policy, Coordination of stakeholders, Training, Community preparedness affect disaster management in Kenya and how the four relates to Budalangi flood plain in Busia County.The study findings indicated that 60% agree with the disaster management policy implementation, 6% were neutral while 30% did not agree. .50% agreed to stakeholder’s involvement in disaster management projects, 21% were neutral and 29% disagreed. 25% agreed that there was efficiency in training about disaster management, 8% were neutral while the remaining 57% disagreed. 21% of the respondents agreed that there were enough funds which were allocated on disaster preparedness in the community, 21% were neutral and then 58% disagreed.
THE IMPACT OF SACCOs ON TEACHERS AND NATIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF MWALIMU NATIONAL SACCO LTD.
(MUA, 2023-08) MULU SUSAN MUKULU
SACCOs are said to have played a significant role in the improvement of the living standard of many people over the world. The research entailed establishing the impact of Mwalimu Sacco on Kenyan teachers’ economic development and growth. The area of study was Nairobi County and its environs. A descriptive research design was employed. The population of the study consisted of 99 teachers including staff of the Mwalimu Sacco, Nairobi County. As such the sample size was eighty (80) which was determined using Yamane’s sample size formula. The researcher distributed questionnaires, in schools within Nairobi County for data collection. The respondents filled out the questionnaires and the researcher collected them at the school’s convenient time. In the study, the researcher wanted to establish what services were offered at the Sacco concerning loan borrowing and if those services enabled teachers to take loans that met their economic growth and development. The services that the researcher focused on were services like investment training for teachers; staff understanding and knowledge of the services they offered to the teachers; Sacco’s innovative capacity to introduce new ideas. Secondly, the researcher carried out the study to establish what loan products were offered at Mwalimu Sacco and if those products were adequate for meeting their economic growth goals. These products were such as education loans, house loans, business loans etcetera. On the same note, the researcher wanted to establish if the teachers were comfortable with the repayment period as well as if those loan products were very helpful for the teachers’ development; the researcher also wanted to establish teachers’ position in recommending their colleagues to Mwalimu Sacco. Thirdly, the researcher wanted to establish the effect of loan limitations and requirements on loan borrowing. Lastly, the researcher wanted to establish the effect of external pressures on Sacco’s performance. The findings of the study showed that the majority (70%) of the teachers agreed that the loans were helpful to them for their economic development/growth. Even though the majority agreed the loans were helpful, there was a concern by some members on the loan products offered at Sacco, a good number of teachers suggested that Sacco needed to improve on the loan products they currently offer. The teachers however responded that the repayment period was not good enough for them, they wished if the Sacco would increase the repayment period and especially because the economic periods were expected to be harder in the near future. The researcher found that Sacco needed to improve on its loan limitations and requirements, as a majority of respondents (79%) felt that these factors affected loan borrowing. By revising and making the requirements more flexible, Sacco can attract more borrowers. Teachers requested Sacco to consider extending the repayment period for loans for this can help attract more borrowers. The Sacco management should consider offering investment training to borrowers, especially young teachers. This can help them make informed hence preventing misuse and maximizing returns. Teachers have suggested that Sacco revise its loan borrowing requirements, as they felt these requirements were affecting borrowing. By making the requirements more reasonable and accessible, Sacco can encourage more teachers to borrow. Teachers recommended that the Sacco management should write to the government and policymakers, requesting them to leave the Sacco(s) to operate on their own. Most respondents (71%) felt that external pressures affected the Sacco's performance. By minimizing government interference, the Sacco can potentially attract more borrowers and improve its overall performance.
FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES OWNED BY WOMEN IN RURAL AREAS IN KENYA. A CASE STUDY OF GATUNDU WARD LOCATION
(Management University of Africa, 2021-09) VONNE NKOROTE MITCHENI
The study's goal was to look into the factors that influence women's participation in SME in Gatundu ward. The descriptive survey research design method was used in the study, with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study used a combination of cluster and simple random sampling; the study area was clustered based on geographical location, and businesses owned by women was clustered based on business type within each location. The sample was consisting of 138 female entrepreneurs from Gatundu ward. The Central bank of Kenya should set up good acquiring guideline which will empower MSME to get to credit offices, modest advances and data linkages to enhance seriousness. Management of the organization requires adequate capital to ensure smooth operation and running therefore individual factors should be considered. The legislature of Kenya ought to decrease the expenses of working together to make more open doors for ladies by making great condition to empower them get from banks and other monetary establishments rather than the current instance of obtaining among themselves to make it more practical this will altogether lessen cost of capital explicitly for ladies claimed MSME ventures to encourage admittance to speculation and working capital. The legislature of Kenya should set up preparing focuses to grant pioneering aptitudes and information in business the board to build high achievement and improve execution on socio-cultural factors. The skills are the most important aspect in effective management and operation of organization thus sociocultural factors should be the first priority. The administration of Kenya should set up preparing focuses to grant enterprising abilities and information in business the board to expand high achievement and improve women’s execution on level of instruction. Competitive advantage of an organization is very important and therefore business should have elaborate planning to ensure continuity. Children requirements should be well catered for to avoid taking funds from business which may lead to fall and premature death of business. Ladies should be sustained socially by husbands, family and friends in order to take advantage of the available resources to promote economic empowerment. The government should support women micro entrepreneurs to form co-operatives to save and access credit more rapidly to improve their enterprises. Women entrepreneurs are encouraged to join stakeholder network groups to socialize and benefit from contacts. Women should be encouraged to form business clubs or women only business organization where they can exchange ideas and experiences. This will help them to have access to more knowledge and customers. The Government should develop policies that protect women from harm and danger from illegal activities. Further, it should do away with strict Bureaucracy in reporting incident as it hinders SMEs growth. The current study was done at Gatundu; similar study can be conducted in the in other counties while maintaining same variables. Equally, introduction of a moderating variable can be considered in future studies. Studies have been carried out in competitive approaches to management leaving a gap in the area of non-profit making government services. Strategic project selection is the beginning of project success. However, further studies need to be undertaken in the field of sustainability of the selected projects.
INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON COMPLETION OF WATER PROJECTS IN LAMU COUNTY, KENYA.
(2026-04) STEPHEN ONYANGO OCHICH
The number of projects being commissioned in both the developing and developed world has become a momentous trend. These projects help governments, individuals and organizations to accomplish their strategic objectives. A project constitutes tangible and orderly effort directed towards the delivery of a unique product or service at a predetermined cost, schedule and quality It is in this respect, this study sought to evaluate the influence of transformational leadership on completion of water projects in Kenya, a case of the County of Lamu by looking at how inspirational, individualized and idealized influence affects completion of water projects in Lamu County. The study findings will provide the management with information regarding the current state of leadership and completion of water projects. The research study adopted descriptive research and a target population of 450 management level employees. Stratified random sampling was used to select a representative sample of 45 respondents representing 10% of target population Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using simple statistics and the use of MS excel. The data was presented using tables; the raw data gathered from the field will be coded before the generalization of the findings are made. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics and presented using charts and tables. The study examined the extent to which intellectual stimulation influence completion of water projects in the County of Lamu. It was revealed from the study findings that the County Government does not encourages organizational learning. The researcher further found out that the County Government has not has not allocated adequate funds for research and development. Nevertheless, the study established that the adequacy of resources allocated to research and development determines the rate of completion of water projects. In examining the influence of inspirational motivation of completion of water projects, it was established from analyzed data that the county administration is not keen on encouraging the principle of shared power and delegation in the management of water projects. The need for adequate attention to staff training and development for improved organisation wide performance was recommended. The study assessed the influence of Idealized influence on completion of water projects in Lamu County. The research revealed that the project managers may not observing high levels of work ethics and moral conduct in the execution of duties. |The need to encourage managers to observe ethics in their work was recommended. In examining how individualized consideration influences completion of water projects, the study established that the County Government Administration does not facilitate project staff training. The study recommends that managers at all levels need to be trained and well prepared on aspects of delegation and power sharing. This achievable through the provision of equal opportunities for professional growth and development. The study recommends that further study is conducted in the same topic in other organisations so as to benchmark the findings.
INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON COMPLETION OF WATER PROJECTS IN LAMU COUNTY, KENYA.
(MUA, 2026-04) STEPHEN ONYANGO OCHICH
The number of projects being commissioned in both the developing and developed world has become a momentous trend. These projects help governments, individuals and organizations to accomplish their strategic objectives. A project constitutes tangible and orderly effort directed towards the delivery of a unique product or service at a predetermined cost, schedule and quality It is in this respect, this study sought to evaluate the influence of transformational leadership on completion of water projects in Kenya, a case of the County of Lamu by looking at how inspirational, individualized and idealized influence affects completion of water projects in Lamu County. The study findings will provide the management with information regarding the current state of leadership and completion of water projects. The research study adopted descriptive research and a target population of 450 management level employees. Stratified random sampling was used to select a representative sample of 45 respondents representing 10% of target population Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using simple statistics and the use of MS excel. The data was presented using tables; the raw data gathered from the field will be coded before the generalization of the findings are made. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics and presented using charts and tables. The study examined the extent to which intellectual stimulation influence completion of water projects in the County of Lamu. It was revealed from the study findings that the County Government does not encourages organizational learning. The researcher further found out that the County Government has not has not allocated adequate funds for research and development. Nevertheless, the study established that the adequacy of resources allocated to research and development determines the rate of completion of water projects. In examining the influence of inspirational motivation of completion of water projects, it was established from analyzed data that the county administration is not keen on encouraging the principle of shared power and delegation in the management of water projects. The need for adequate attention to staff training and development for improved organisation wide performance was recommended. The study assessed the influence of Idealized influence on completion of water projects in Lamu County. The research revealed that the project managers may not observing high levels of work ethics and moral conduct in the execution of duties. |The need to encourage managers to observe ethics in their work was recommended. In examining how individualized consideration influences completion of water projects, the study established that the County Government Administration does not facilitate project staff training. The study recommends that managers at all levels need to be trained and well prepared on aspects of delegation and power sharing. This achievable through the provision of equal opportunities for professional growth and development. The study recommends that further study is conducted in the same topic in other organisations so as to benchmark the findings.
THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT EFFICIENCY IN KENYA. A CASE STUDY OF MACHAKOS COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2026-04) CAROL MWINA
In Machakos County, Kenya, this research looked at how building projects benefited from using new technologies. There were four main goals that guided the research: to find out how digital tool usage affects construction project efficiency, how automation of construction processes affect efficiency, how availability of ICT infrastructure affects efficiency, and how technology-enabled stakeholder collaboration affects efficiency. A descriptive research strategy was used in the study. Three hundred and seventeen people from 37 different public and private construction projects made up the target group. Thirty percent of the population of interest (95 participants) was selected using simple random selection in the research. A structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions based on a five-point Likert scale was used to gather data. Pilot research was carried out on 10% of the total sample before the main study to ensure the instrument's validity and reliability. To analyze the data, SPSS Version 29.0 was used once the data was coded. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, which include percentages, means, and standard deviations, as well as frequencies. With 89 returned surveys out of 95 sent out, the response percentage was 93.7%. Project management software improved coordination, according to 41 respondents (with 30 agreeing and 38 strongly agreeing), and Building Information Modeling enhanced planning accuracy, according to 38 respondents (with 33 agreeing); the results demonstrated that digital tool utilization significantly affected project efficiency. Also, the idea that automated equipment boosted production was well-received; 37 respondents strongly agreed and 31 agreed, indicating widespread support for automating building activities. Concerning the accessibility of information and communication technology infrastructure, 42 respondents were in strong agreement and 29 were in agreement that consistent internet access improved communication on building sites. More than half of respondents (41 to be exact) felt that digital communication platforms enhanced coordination among project stakeholders, and a similar percentage (30 to be exact) agreed that this was the case. Time, money, quality, resource utilization, and rework reduction were all areas where the results showed that technology adoption increased project performance. The research found that building projects were far more efficient and successful when digital tools, automation technologies, a sufficient information and communication technology infrastructure, and technology-enabled stakeholder interactions were effectively used. The research concluded that in order to facilitate effective project execution, construction companies should increase spending on digital project management systems, automated construction technology, and dependable information and communication technology infrastructure. In order to increase coordination among project stakeholders, it was also suggested that organizations should encourage the usage of digital collaboration platforms and boost training programs for construction experts to improve their technology abilities.
THE ROLE OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS IN PROMOTING GENDER POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN NAIROBI COUNTY. A CASE STUDY OF USIKIMYE ORGANIZATION IN KAYOLE SOWETO
(MUA, 2026-03) SHAMTE SABRA MARIAM
Women’s empowerment and gender equality are essential pillars in shaping national and global development priorities and policymaking. Despite the presence of progressive gender policies and legal frameworks in Kenya, gender disparities and rights violations continue to affect women in informal settlements. These challenges are more pronounced in urban informal settlements, where access to formal accountability mechanisms is often weak, and implementation of gender-related policies is limited. While the government has committed to reducing gender inequalities, the translation of gender policies into tangible change at the grassroots level remains inconsistent and under-researched. Grassroots women’s movements and other civil organizations play a vital role in turning gender policies into practical community action. This study is founded on the intersection of gender policy implementation and the role of Women’s Rights Organizations in promoting community-level accountability and change, specifically within the context of urban informal settlements in Kenya. This study seeks to examine the role of Usikimye, a grassroots women-led organization based in Kayole, Nairobi County, in promoting the implementation of gender policies within its area of operation. The research aims to explore how the organization translates policy into community-level action, the strategies it uses to raise awareness and foster accountability, and the challenges it encounters in this process. This study will employ a qualitative case study design, relying on data collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. It will target Usikimye staff, women beneficiaries, and relevant local stakeholders. The results from this study will advance existing literature on gender policy implementation by civil society actors and offer practical insights for policy makers, development partners, and grassroots organizations working in similar contexts. Gender mainstreaming has become central to national development discourse, policy-making, and global development goals.
FACTORS AFFECTING WOMEN EMPOWERMENT PROJECTS IN THE COUNTY GOVERNMENTS OF KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF MURANG'A COUNTY GOVERNMENT
(Management University of Africa, 2024) MUGO PATRICIAH MUTHONI
Purpose of this study was to find out factors affecting women empowerment projects in the county governments in Kenya. The objectives of the study were to establish the effect of project planning, project monitoring, stakeholder participation and project management practices on women empowerment projects in the county governments in Kenya. The study would be of significance to management of Murang'a County Government and other researchers. Descriptive research design was used in this investigation. The target population was 60 employees in the project management department of the organization. The study will focus on project management department of the county government, which was grouped into top management, middle management, and support staff. A sample size of 45 was taken that represents 75% of the target population. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze the data. Tables and figures were used to display quantitative data, while descriptive notes were also used to present qualitative data. From the analysis 88% of the respondents agreed that project planning affects women empowerment projects while 12% of the respondents disagreed. From the analysis 92% of the respondents agreed that project monitoring affects women empowerment projects while 8% of the respondents disagreed. From the analysis 96% of the respondents agreed that stakeholder participation affects women empowerment projects while 4% of the respondents disagreed. From the analysis 92% of the respondents agreed that project management practices affect women empowerment projects while 8% of the respondents disagreed. The researcher recommends that well-structured project planning should be put in place so as to lead to more successful outcomes, providing a solid foundation for the implementation and sustainability of women empowerment projects. The study recommends that integrating thorough project monitoring practices is essential for the sustainability and effectiveness of women empowerment initiatives. It was recommended organization should provide it is evident that incorporating stakeholder participation into the planning and implementation of women empowerment projects is essential for achieving positive results. The researcher recommends that project managers ensures that projects are well-coordinated, resources are utilized efficiently, and objectives are met within the specified timelines. It involves setting clear goals, defining roles and responsibilities, managing risks, and regularly assessing progress.
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HOUSEHOLD LIVELIHOODS IN RONGAI SUB-COUNTY, NAKURU COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2024-11) OTOCHI TOM NYANGAU
The researcher aimed to explore the influence of change in climate on sustainable livelihoods among households in the Rongai Sub-county. Specifically, the study sought to examine the consequence of changing seasons and rainfall patterns, food insecurity, water scarcity, and infectious disease patterns on sustainable livelihoods among households in Rongai Sub-county. The study was based on entitlement theory and resilience theory. It adopted a descriptive survey research design and targeted 52,248 households in the Rongai Sub-county. Fisher’s formula was used to obtain the sample size of 96 respondents. Stratified random sampling was employed to select respondents, where each of the five wards in Rongai Sub-county represented a stratum. A questionnaire was used to collect data, and the instrument was piloted in Njoro Sub-county. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25 statistical software. The analysis utilized descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages. The extracted data were quantitative and presented in tables for ease of interpretation. The answers directed that a substantial majority of respondents have observed changes in seasons and rainfall patterns in Rongai Sub-County. The findings reveal that water scarcity is a pressing concern for households in Rongai Sub-County, with a significant most reporting it as a problem. The study in Rongai Sub-County found that 78.3% of respondents recognized changes in seasons and rainfall patterns, significantly impacting livelihoods and revealing a strong positive correlation (r = 0.751; p < 0.05) between these changes and sustainable livelihoods. The findings in revealed that 66.3% of households experience food insecurity, significantly impacting livelihoods, with a significant positive correlation (r = 0.672; p < 0.05) between food insecurity and sustainable livelihoods. The findings also indicated that 72.3% of households face significant water scarcity challenges, adversely affecting livelihoods, health, and agricultural productivity, with a strong positive significant correlation (r = 0.672; p < 0.05) between water scarcity and sustainable livelihoods. Finally, the findings in Rongai Sub-County reveal that 67% of households have observed significant changes in infectious disease patterns, which negatively impact livelihoods and productivity, with a positive correlation (r = 0.604; p < 0.05) between infectious disease patterns and sustainable livelihoods. The study concluded that changing seasons and rainfall patterns, food insecurity, water scarcity and infectious disease patterns had an effect on sustainable livelihoods among households .The study recommended that to address the impacts of changing seasons on sustainable livelihoods in Nakuru County, it is crucial for local governments and policymakers to implement adaptive strategies that enhance community resilience.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN KENYA:A CASE STUDY OF BAWA LA TUMAINI SELF HELP GROUP,LANGATA CONSTITUENCY
(Management University of Africa, 2024-06) NAFTALY GITAU NJUGUNA
The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing implementation of youth development projects in Kenya with its relation on Bawa La Tumaini self-help group. The overall objective of the study was to establish the influence of government policy, group leadership, entrepreneurship Training, band funding, and sociocultural factors bon implementation youth development projects bin Kenya. the findings of this particular study were relevant to the management Bawa La Tumaini self-help group band bother researchers. methods descriptive research design was adopted, band the study population consisted of b47 people affiliated directly to Bawa La Tumaini self-help group. this study was census where the total target population comprised the sample size of this study. The data was analyzed qualitatively band quantitatively. the result was divided into qualitative and quantitative part bas the descriptive notes, content analysis for qualitative data whereas tables & figures were bused for showing frequency of different variables. The researcher suggests that there is need should raise awareness bon the policy among youth. There should be increased youth groups band leadership structures created. The Ministry of Youth band Sports should facilitate youth groups with quality, comprehensive b& convenient training on project planning band how to approve by our income generating projects. Out of this, there were recommendations for youth income generating projects to get enough resources from elsewhere than the youth enterprise development fund in border for sustainability check bon these projects. There is need for creation of channels of information band high education colleges in the constituency, offering of rehabilitation services, creation of employment opportunities, increase youth band women representation band offering of funding.