BACHELOR OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

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FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES OWNED BY WOMEN IN RURAL AREAS IN KENYA. A CASE STUDY OF GATUNDU WARD LOCATION
(Management University of Africa, 2021-09) VONNE NKOROTE MITCHENI
The study's goal was to look into the factors that influence women's participation in SME in Gatundu ward. The descriptive survey research design method was used in the study, with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study used a combination of cluster and simple random sampling; the study area was clustered based on geographical location, and businesses owned by women was clustered based on business type within each location. The sample was consisting of 138 female entrepreneurs from Gatundu ward. The Central bank of Kenya should set up good acquiring guideline which will empower MSME to get to credit offices, modest advances and data linkages to enhance seriousness. Management of the organization requires adequate capital to ensure smooth operation and running therefore individual factors should be considered. The legislature of Kenya ought to decrease the expenses of working together to make more open doors for ladies by making great condition to empower them get from banks and other monetary establishments rather than the current instance of obtaining among themselves to make it more practical this will altogether lessen cost of capital explicitly for ladies claimed MSME ventures to encourage admittance to speculation and working capital. The legislature of Kenya should set up preparing focuses to grant pioneering aptitudes and information in business the board to build high achievement and improve execution on socio-cultural factors. The skills are the most important aspect in effective management and operation of organization thus sociocultural factors should be the first priority. The administration of Kenya should set up preparing focuses to grant enterprising abilities and information in business the board to expand high achievement and improve women’s execution on level of instruction. Competitive advantage of an organization is very important and therefore business should have elaborate planning to ensure continuity. Children requirements should be well catered for to avoid taking funds from business which may lead to fall and premature death of business. Ladies should be sustained socially by husbands, family and friends in order to take advantage of the available resources to promote economic empowerment. The government should support women micro entrepreneurs to form co-operatives to save and access credit more rapidly to improve their enterprises. Women entrepreneurs are encouraged to join stakeholder network groups to socialize and benefit from contacts. Women should be encouraged to form business clubs or women only business organization where they can exchange ideas and experiences. This will help them to have access to more knowledge and customers. The Government should develop policies that protect women from harm and danger from illegal activities. Further, it should do away with strict Bureaucracy in reporting incident as it hinders SMEs growth. The current study was done at Gatundu; similar study can be conducted in the in other counties while maintaining same variables. Equally, introduction of a moderating variable can be considered in future studies. Studies have been carried out in competitive approaches to management leaving a gap in the area of non-profit making government services. Strategic project selection is the beginning of project success. However, further studies need to be undertaken in the field of sustainability of the selected projects.
FACTORS AFFECTING DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN KENYA. A CASE STUDY OF BUDALANGI FLOOD PLAIN IN BUSIA COUNTY
(MUA, 2022-07) KEVIN NONGA
Disaster management is very paramount aspect as far as development is concerned. Disasters are inevitable therefore it is necessary to consider how we can manage them. The study sought to investigate the various problems affecting disaster management in Kenya a case study of Budalangi in Busia County. One of the general objectives was to determine the influence of disaster management policy on disaster management in Budalangi in terms of budget allocation and available resources to implement the policy .The specific objectives were; To find out the impact of farming practices along river banks on disaster management, to investigate the effect of siltation in river Nzoia on disaster management, to determine the influence of rural infrastructure on disaster management, to determine the effect of political will on disaster. The research adopted descriptive research design in attempt to investigate the factors affecting disaster management .The population which was targeted for this study was 16,000 residents of Busia County. The researcher determined the instrument’s content and construct validity.Primary data was gathered directly from the respondents through questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used in data analysis. The researcher found out how Disaster management policy, Coordination of stakeholders, Training, Community preparedness affect disaster management in Kenya and how the four relates to Budalangi flood plain in Busia County.The study findings indicated that 60% agree with the disaster management policy implementation, 6% were neutral while 30% did not agree. .50% agreed to stakeholder’s involvement in disaster management projects, 21% were neutral and 29% disagreed. 25% agreed that there was efficiency in training about disaster management, 8% were neutral while the remaining 57% disagreed. 21% of the respondents agreed that there were enough funds which were allocated on disaster preparedness in the community, 21% were neutral and then 58% disagreed.
THE IMPACT OF SACCOs ON TEACHERS AND NATIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF MWALIMU NATIONAL SACCO LTD.
(MUA, 2023-08) MULU SUSAN MUKULU
SACCOs are said to have played a significant role in the improvement of the living standard of many people over the world. The research entailed establishing the impact of Mwalimu Sacco on Kenyan teachers’ economic development and growth. The area of study was Nairobi County and its environs. A descriptive research design was employed. The population of the study consisted of 99 teachers including staff of the Mwalimu Sacco, Nairobi County. As such the sample size was eighty (80) which was determined using Yamane’s sample size formula. The researcher distributed questionnaires, in schools within Nairobi County for data collection. The respondents filled out the questionnaires and the researcher collected them at the school’s convenient time. In the study, the researcher wanted to establish what services were offered at the Sacco concerning loan borrowing and if those services enabled teachers to take loans that met their economic growth and development. The services that the researcher focused on were services like investment training for teachers; staff understanding and knowledge of the services they offered to the teachers; Sacco’s innovative capacity to introduce new ideas. Secondly, the researcher carried out the study to establish what loan products were offered at Mwalimu Sacco and if those products were adequate for meeting their economic growth goals. These products were such as education loans, house loans, business loans etcetera. On the same note, the researcher wanted to establish if the teachers were comfortable with the repayment period as well as if those loan products were very helpful for the teachers’ development; the researcher also wanted to establish teachers’ position in recommending their colleagues to Mwalimu Sacco. Thirdly, the researcher wanted to establish the effect of loan limitations and requirements on loan borrowing. Lastly, the researcher wanted to establish the effect of external pressures on Sacco’s performance. The findings of the study showed that the majority (70%) of the teachers agreed that the loans were helpful to them for their economic development/growth. Even though the majority agreed the loans were helpful, there was a concern by some members on the loan products offered at Sacco, a good number of teachers suggested that Sacco needed to improve on the loan products they currently offer. The teachers however responded that the repayment period was not good enough for them, they wished if the Sacco would increase the repayment period and especially because the economic periods were expected to be harder in the near future. The researcher found that Sacco needed to improve on its loan limitations and requirements, as a majority of respondents (79%) felt that these factors affected loan borrowing. By revising and making the requirements more flexible, Sacco can attract more borrowers. Teachers requested Sacco to consider extending the repayment period for loans for this can help attract more borrowers. The Sacco management should consider offering investment training to borrowers, especially young teachers. This can help them make informed hence preventing misuse and maximizing returns. Teachers have suggested that Sacco revise its loan borrowing requirements, as they felt these requirements were affecting borrowing. By making the requirements more reasonable and accessible, Sacco can encourage more teachers to borrow. Teachers recommended that the Sacco management should write to the government and policymakers, requesting them to leave the Sacco(s) to operate on their own. Most respondents (71%) felt that external pressures affected the Sacco's performance. By minimizing government interference, the Sacco can potentially attract more borrowers and improve its overall performance.
FACTORS AFFECTING WOMEN EMPOWERMENT PROJECTS IN THE COUNTY GOVERNMENTS OF KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF MURANG'A COUNTY GOVERNMENT
(Management University of Africa, 2024) MUGO PATRICIAH MUTHONI
Purpose of this study was to find out factors affecting women empowerment projects in the county governments in Kenya. The objectives of the study were to establish the effect of project planning, project monitoring, stakeholder participation and project management practices on women empowerment projects in the county governments in Kenya. The study would be of significance to management of Murang'a County Government and other researchers. Descriptive research design was used in this investigation. The target population was 60 employees in the project management department of the organization. The study will focus on project management department of the county government, which was grouped into top management, middle management, and support staff. A sample size of 45 was taken that represents 75% of the target population. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze the data. Tables and figures were used to display quantitative data, while descriptive notes were also used to present qualitative data. From the analysis 88% of the respondents agreed that project planning affects women empowerment projects while 12% of the respondents disagreed. From the analysis 92% of the respondents agreed that project monitoring affects women empowerment projects while 8% of the respondents disagreed. From the analysis 96% of the respondents agreed that stakeholder participation affects women empowerment projects while 4% of the respondents disagreed. From the analysis 92% of the respondents agreed that project management practices affect women empowerment projects while 8% of the respondents disagreed. The researcher recommends that well-structured project planning should be put in place so as to lead to more successful outcomes, providing a solid foundation for the implementation and sustainability of women empowerment projects. The study recommends that integrating thorough project monitoring practices is essential for the sustainability and effectiveness of women empowerment initiatives. It was recommended organization should provide it is evident that incorporating stakeholder participation into the planning and implementation of women empowerment projects is essential for achieving positive results. The researcher recommends that project managers ensures that projects are well-coordinated, resources are utilized efficiently, and objectives are met within the specified timelines. It involves setting clear goals, defining roles and responsibilities, managing risks, and regularly assessing progress.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN KENYA:A CASE STUDY OF BAWA LA TUMAINI SELF HELP GROUP,LANGATA CONSTITUENCY
(Management University of Africa, 2024-06) NAFTALY GITAU NJUGUNA
The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing implementation of youth development projects in Kenya with its relation on Bawa La Tumaini self-help group. The overall objective of the study was to establish the influence of government policy, group leadership, entrepreneurship Training, band funding, and sociocultural factors bon implementation youth development projects bin Kenya. the findings of this particular study were relevant to the management Bawa La Tumaini self-help group band bother researchers. methods descriptive research design was adopted, band the study population consisted of b47 people affiliated directly to Bawa La Tumaini self-help group. this study was census where the total target population comprised the sample size of this study. The data was analyzed qualitatively band quantitatively. the result was divided into qualitative and quantitative part bas the descriptive notes, content analysis for qualitative data whereas tables & figures were bused for showing frequency of different variables. The researcher suggests that there is need should raise awareness bon the policy among youth. There should be increased youth groups band leadership structures created. The Ministry of Youth band Sports should facilitate youth groups with quality, comprehensive b& convenient training on project planning band how to approve by our income generating projects. Out of this, there were recommendations for youth income generating projects to get enough resources from elsewhere than the youth enterprise development fund in border for sustainability check bon these projects. There is need for creation of channels of information band high education colleges in the constituency, offering of rehabilitation services, creation of employment opportunities, increase youth band women representation band offering of funding.
EFFECT OF RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROJECTS IN NAIROBI COUNTY
(2024-10) Joan Atieno
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HOUSEHOLD LIVELIHOODS IN RONGAI SUB-COUNTY, NAKURU COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2024-11) OTOCHI TOM NYANGAU
The researcher aimed to explore the influence of change in climate on sustainable livelihoods among households in the Rongai Sub-county. Specifically, the study sought to examine the consequence of changing seasons and rainfall patterns, food insecurity, water scarcity, and infectious disease patterns on sustainable livelihoods among households in Rongai Sub-county. The study was based on entitlement theory and resilience theory. It adopted a descriptive survey research design and targeted 52,248 households in the Rongai Sub-county. Fisher’s formula was used to obtain the sample size of 96 respondents. Stratified random sampling was employed to select respondents, where each of the five wards in Rongai Sub-county represented a stratum. A questionnaire was used to collect data, and the instrument was piloted in Njoro Sub-county. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25 statistical software. The analysis utilized descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages. The extracted data were quantitative and presented in tables for ease of interpretation. The answers directed that a substantial majority of respondents have observed changes in seasons and rainfall patterns in Rongai Sub-County. The findings reveal that water scarcity is a pressing concern for households in Rongai Sub-County, with a significant most reporting it as a problem. The study in Rongai Sub-County found that 78.3% of respondents recognized changes in seasons and rainfall patterns, significantly impacting livelihoods and revealing a strong positive correlation (r = 0.751; p < 0.05) between these changes and sustainable livelihoods. The findings in revealed that 66.3% of households experience food insecurity, significantly impacting livelihoods, with a significant positive correlation (r = 0.672; p < 0.05) between food insecurity and sustainable livelihoods. The findings also indicated that 72.3% of households face significant water scarcity challenges, adversely affecting livelihoods, health, and agricultural productivity, with a strong positive significant correlation (r = 0.672; p < 0.05) between water scarcity and sustainable livelihoods. Finally, the findings in Rongai Sub-County reveal that 67% of households have observed significant changes in infectious disease patterns, which negatively impact livelihoods and productivity, with a positive correlation (r = 0.604; p < 0.05) between infectious disease patterns and sustainable livelihoods. The study concluded that changing seasons and rainfall patterns, food insecurity, water scarcity and infectious disease patterns had an effect on sustainable livelihoods among households .The study recommended that to address the impacts of changing seasons on sustainable livelihoods in Nakuru County, it is crucial for local governments and policymakers to implement adaptive strategies that enhance community resilience.
RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN LAND SURVEYING: A CASE STUDY OF PIONEER ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION COMPANY
(Management University of Africa, 2025-01) MERCY MUTHONI MARINGA
Construction and engineering projects are inherently more complex and prone to risks, adversely affecting schedule, cost, and quality. Land surveying is particularly susceptible to all the technical, legal, environmental, and operational uncertainties (because before the actual construction can occur, it is an inevitable step that must be taken). The reality is more exacerbated in Kenya, where the streets are becoming fast urbanized; the infrastructure development and the country's ambitions to realize its Vision 2030 development agenda make it even more critical to have correct and timely land data. This study aimed to assess the practice and effectiveness of the project risk management activities within the land surveying role at the Pioneer Engineering and Construction Company Ltd. It focused primarily on risk acceptance, risk avoidance, risk mitigation, and risk transfer as being among the core risk strategies and discussed the impact they had on the performance of the projects. A descriptive research design was adopted, whereas a structured questionnaire was employed to collect quantitatively oriented data on 70 research respondents, surveyors, technical staff, and project managers who directly engaged in land surveying. The sampling method was purposive, and only people with practical knowledge of surveying operations were used. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, and mean) were used to analyze data; findings were tabulated. The research aimed to find ways of reviewing the frequency and proficiency of the risk strategies adopted and the effects of these practices on the results of the projects regarding meeting timeliness, validity of data, and customer satisfaction. The findings indicated that reduced risk and avoidance of risks were the most sought and practiced measures. The respondents expressed those modern technologies, such as drones, RTK GPS, and GIS, were distributed widely, providing more correct and non-delaying data regarding operations. Preemptive risk avoidance measures were also standard, i.e., making pre-siting explorations and avoiding contentious zones. These approaches resemble the books on learning to appreciate technological integration and risk identification in the initial stages. A discriminative application of risk acceptance occurred where mitigation costs exceeded anticipated risks. However, it possessed internal control mechanisms to verify those risks. Insurance and contract provisions of risk transference were identified but were not as consistently practiced, so implementing policies should be facilitated. The research concluded that good risk management practices positively influenced project performance, resulting in improved delivery deadlines, data quality, and stakeholder satisfaction. Findings align with the project management and systems theory, which suggests a proactive and coordinated attitude towards uncertainty. However, though the study is limited to a single organization, it is educational to the actual industry participant and the policymakers seeking to enhance risk preparedness in the land surveying industry. The study suggests formalizing an official risk management system, making risk reporting mandatory in all project reports, frequent risk training to understand deep-rooted risk measurement tools, and last but not least, research into external factors of risk of land surveying in Kenya. The suggestions would allow companies to increase operational and long-term resilience to manage a more complex construction environment.
EFFECTS OF PROJECT RISK MANAGEMENT ON DELIVERY OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING PROJECTS IN KENYA. A CASE STUDY OF KENYA NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY (KENHA)
(Management University of Africa, 2025-06) ELIZABETH MWARANGU
The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of project risk management on delivery of construction engineering projects in Kenya, a case study of Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA). Specific objectives were; To assess the effect of risk identification effect of risk mitigation strategies on the delivery of construction engineering projects at KeNHA and to analyze the effect of risk monitoring on the delivery of construction engineering projects at KeNHA. The research employed descriptive research design. The target population was 141 employees of Kenya National Highways Authority, Headquarters. The census approach was employed in the investigation to determine sample size. A survey was employed by the investigator in order to gather data. The study employed descriptive analysis for data analysis. Microsoft Excel aided in data analysis. According to the report, risk identification is a crucial aspect of project delivery at KeNHA, integrating stakeholder contributions and capturing information on risks. Structured frameworks for risk assessment and review cycles ensure adequate skills and strategic risk management. The study concluded that KeNHA's risk management techniques are effective, but there is room for improvement in training and resource allocation. Additionally, the study discovered that risk monitoring procedures are active and integrated during project execution, with systems for tracking risks and monitoring progress of mitigation activities. Proper monitoring helps achieve control during project execution and improves project delivery results. The study recommends that KeNHA improve its risk identification processes by expanding the tools and techniques used, including early stakeholder inclusion. Regularly reviewing and updating evaluation frameworks and providing ongoing training for assessors can enhance risk management. Reporting on project decisions based on assessments can strengthen project management. Allocating training resources on mitigation measures can enable a more proactive approach. Defining boundaries for modifying protocols can strengthen organizational agility. Integrating real-time data streams into risk monitoring can enhance risk tracking, reporting, and response. Streamlined collaboration among stakeholders can accelerate responses to new risks. Additional investigation may examine the impact of organizational culture, risk management practices, leadership style, and technological adoption on risk management efficacy.
FACTORS AFFECTING PROVISION OF CLEAN WATER IN KIBERA CONSTITUENCY, NAIROIBI COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2025-06) NAOMI MUTOKO KIOKO
People's living conditions can be enhanced by having access to clean water and adequate sanitation as they encourage income generating, healthy living, and clean surroundings. Nevertheless, no research has been done to date that focuses on determining the variables affecting the availability of clean water in underdeveloped nations like Kenya. The purpose of this study was to lower the frequency of waterborne illnesses in children under five and investigate the factors influencing the availability of potable water in Nairobi County's Kieran constituency. The descriptive survey approach was used as the research strategy for this investigation. All residents in Kieran Constituency who were older than eighteen were included in the targeted population. Simple random selection was used to choose a sample of 384 responders. Both qualitative and quantitative primary data were gathered for this research. Research assistants helped participants self-administer the questionnaires. While the qualitative data was subjected to content analysis, the quantitative data was evaluated using descriptive statistics with SPSS. In addition to being shown in tables and narrative style, the findings were presented using means, percentages, and frequencies. Local communities' livelihoods suffered as a result of the variables influencing the availability of clean water. The study's conclusions suggest enhancing community involvement, putting sustainable water and sanitation solutions into place, and raising awareness and educating the public.
EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTISES ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN COUNTY PROJECTS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL INCLUSIVE GROWTH PROJECT IN NANDI COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2025-06) LYAN CHEROTICH
Agriculture was a critical driver of socio-economic development in Kenya, particularly within rural areas such as Nandi County, where the majority of the population depended on farming for their livelihoods. This study examined the effect of agricultural practices—specifically agroforestry, organic farming, hydroponics and aeroponics, and irrigation farming—on socioeconomic development in Nandi County, under the framework of the National Agricultural and Rural Inclusive Growth Project (NARIGP). The study adopted a descriptive research design employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, interviews, and observations to ensure triangulation and enhance validity. The target population consisted of 400 individuals—including farmers, agricultural officers, local government officials, and community leaders—from which a sample of 120 respondents was selected through stratified random sampling. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis, with socio-economic development as the dependent variable and the four agricultural practices as independent variables. Instrument reliability was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha, with a threshold of 0.7, and content validity was ensured through expert review. The study achieved a 100% response rate, with all 120 questionnaires successfully completed, reflecting strong engagement from the community. The findings showed that agroforestry was highly valued for improving soil fertility, crop yields, household income, and employment opportunities, with tree planting being the most widely adopted practice. Organic farming was positively perceived for improving produce quality, food security, and household incomes, despite challenges related to input access and labor. Hydroponics and aeroponics were acknowledged for their water-saving benefits and contribution to food security, although awareness and infrastructure gaps limited their adoption. Irrigation farming was widely recognized for enhancing productivity, stabilizing food availability, and improving incomes, though access challenges remained. Overall, agricultural practices significantly improved household income, food security, employment opportunities, and quality of life in Nandi County, though connections to affordable education and health services required further strengthening. The study recommended that county authorities and stakeholders intensify training, infrastructure investment, market linkages, and supportive policies to scale up sustainable agricultural practices. Additionally, it encouraged integrating agricultural gains with social services to promote inclusive and equitable socio-economic development. These findings contributed valuable insights for policymakers, development agencies, and future researchers interested in sustainable rural development in Kenya and similar contexts across sub-Saharan Africa.
FACTORS AFFECTING PLANNING OF DONOR FUNDED PROJECTS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF THE KIBERA COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTRE (AMREF)
(Management University of Africa, 2025-06) JOEL MUNYALO WILLY
Planning is a crucial stage in the effective execution of donor-funded projects since it forms the basis for the creation of goals, plans, budgets, and schedules. Still, a variety of internal and external elements frequently impact this planning process' efficacy. Among these, stakeholder involvement, financing availability and dependability and the current economic climate are crucial. Each of these factors has the potential to have a major influence on the creation, modification and implementation of plans. To make sure that donor-funded initiatives are not only well-designed but also responsive to beneficiary demands and flexible enough to adjust to changing circumstances, it is imperative to comprehend these variables. This study aimed at determining factors affecting planning of donor funded projects in Kenya, with reference to Kibera Community Health Centre (Amref). The specific study objectives were to determine the effect of stakeholder engagement, funding and economic stability on planning of donor funded projects. A total of 65 employees represented the target population. The use of census was applied as a sampling method. The questionnaires were used as tool for collecting data. The quantitative analysis was applied, and data presentation was through tables. The study concludes that, when stakeholders are engaged during planning, they develop a sense of ownership and responsibility for the project. This increases the likelihood that they will support the project even after donor funding ends. Stakeholder ownership also ensures better resource contribution, local monitoring, and greater accountability. When donors commit to multi-year funding with clear disbursement schedules, project teams can develop long-term plans with strategic milestones, phased rollouts, and contingency buffers. This predictability fosters better integration with national development plans and allows for alignment with other donor or government programs. Stable funding environments allow planners to think big and innovate rather than just manage day-to-day risks. Economic stability assures them that their funds will be used efficiently and that projects can be planned and implemented with minimal disruption. It also enables the host government to commit complementary resources confidently. Stability fosters donor trust, encouraging more funding and allowing for longer- term development planning. Stakeholder engagement should not be limited to the initial planning phase but should continue throughout the project lifecycle. To maintain ongoing communication, donor-funded projects should include feedback mechanisms such as community scorecards, suggestion boxes and digital surveys. These tools will help capture changing opinions, emerging concerns, and innovative suggestions from stakeholders. This not only strengthens stakeholder trust but also helps the project remain responsive to dynamic local needs and conditions. The organization should synchronize the project’s budgeting and planning cycles with those of the donors and the host government. Early coordination with finance teams and national treasury officials ensures smoother integration of donor funds into government systems and vice versa. This alignment also allows for better forecasting of fund availability, reduces duplication of efforts, and improves accountability and reporting to donors and government agencies. Economic instability can create policy uncertainty that disrupts donor-funded projects, such as changes in tax laws, import restrictions, or fuel price hikes. To address these risks, project planners should promote regular policy dialogue between donors and host governments. Engaging ministries of finance, planning, and development ensures that donor-supported initiatives align with national economic recovery efforts and that policy support is provided when needed. This collaboration strengthens the enabling environment for planning and implementation, secures government co-financing, and helps avoid regulatory roadblocks that can derail planning processes.
THE IMPACT OF DROUGHT ON FOOD SECURITY IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID REGIONS IN KENYA; A CASE OF ISIOLO
(Management University of Africa, 2025-06) YASMIN MOHAMEDNOOR MAALIM
Kenya's Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs), such as Isiolo County, are increasingly vulnerable to recurrent droughts that have serious implications on agricultural production, water resources decline, and food insecurity intensifies. This study assesses the effects of drought on food security in Isiolo County using the four pillars of food security: availability, access, utilization, and stability. The objectives were to: examine the impact of drought severity and duration on food supply, evaluate the impact of drought frequency on food access at the household level, examine the relationship between food and water availability and establish the effect of soil moisture depletion on food supply stability. The study was founded on the Entitlement and Sustainable Livelihoods Framework that highlights the multidimensional of the impacts of drought on food security. A mixed-methods design combining quantitative and qualitative data was used in a descriptive research design. Stratified random sampling was used to select 300 respondents from poor rural households, pastoralists, and small-scale farmers. Data was collected using structured household surveys, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS and Excel, while qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Empirical observations showed a strong increase in the frequency and severity of drought over the past decade. Droughts that previously occurred every two or three years now occur yearly in some areas, resulting in increased water shortages, livestock mortality, and decreased agricultural production. Approximately 60% of the households had lost livestock heavily, while over 55% had suffered from food insecurity, of which 30% were unable to meet basic nutritional needs. Coping strategies such as migration and reliance on external relief were common but not sufficient for long-term resilience. The study emphasizes the need for longitudinal research to monitor the socioeconomic and environmental effects of drought over time, which can inform evidence-based policy development. Some of the key policy recommendations include improving water resource management, promoting sustainable agriculture, and developing comprehensive drought resilience policies. Moreover, the study proposes the implementation of training for farmers and pastoralists on drought-resistant farming techniques and the introduction of climate change and drought resilience courses in school syllabuses. This would equip the communities to face any future drought. The study requires a multi-stakeholder, collaborative approach uniting local communities, government ministries, NGOs, and universities to create sustainable, context specific interventions for long-term food security and resilience in Isiolo County.
EFFECTS OF STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ON PROJECT PERFORMANCE IN NON-GOVERMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS PROJECTS IN KENYA. A CASE OF AFRICAN MEDICAL AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION HEALTH PROJECT
(Management University of Africa, 2025-06) RUWEIDHA IBRAHIM ABDULLAH
The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of stakeholder engagement on project performance in NGO projects in Kenya. A case of AMREF Health Project. The following were the specific objectives of the study, to explore the effects of stakeholder communication, stakeholder feedback, stakeholder power dynamics and stakeholder involvement on project performance in NGO projects in Kenya. The significance of the study was to policy makers, management of health projects and future researchers. The study adopted descriptive research design. The target population for this study was 112 employees of AMREF Health Project. The study considered sample size of 56 respondents which was done using stratified random sampling as the sampling design. Data was collected through questionnaires that were distributed to the respondents. To ensure validity and reliability of the questionnaire, a pilot study was done. The data was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods and later presented through tables, bar graphs and pie charts. In the case of NGO projects in Kenya like the AMREF Health Project active participation through communication, feedback, power relations, and participation is crucial in the determination of the performance of the project. By prioritizing these areas, the study was able to encourage better coordination, shared ownership, and more successful and sustainable results. The research advised companies to enhance strategic leadership because it has numerous positive impacts to the organizations and this hastens the implementation of the short-term objectives. It also emphasized the need to upgrade the performance monitoring which contributes to the continuous development and gives a boost to the effectuation of the policies on risk management.
EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN NAROK COUNTY KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF NAROK NORTH
(management university of africa, 2025-07) MOSES SURURU
FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFECTIVE ROLLOUT OF THE DIGITAL IDENTITY SYSTEM IN KENYA, FOCUSING ON THE HUDUMA NAMBA INITIATIVE.
(Management University of Africa, 2025-08) ZENA ABDULRAHMAN MUSA
The study's main objective was to investigate the factors affecting the effective rollout of the digital identity system in Kenya, focusing on the Huduma Namba initiative. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to examine the impact of communication strategy and public participation on the effectiveness of Huduma Namba's rollout, to assess the influence of legal safeguards on the successful implementation of the Huduma Namba project, to evaluate the effects of exclusion and marginalized group considerations in the adoption of Huduma Namba, and to analyze the adequacy of data protection safeguards in influencing public trust in Huduma Namba. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting government departments involved in the Huduma Namba rollout, as well as members of the public. The target population consisted of 100 respondents, and a sample size of 80 respondents was determined using Slovene’s formula. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequency distributions and percentages, while qualitative data were summarized to identify emerging themes. The results were presented in tables, charts, and graphs. The findings revealed that an effective communication strategy and public participation significantly improved the awareness and adoption of Huduma Namba. However, gaps in legal safeguards affected the project's smooth implementation, as some respondents expressed concerns regarding inadequate legal frameworks. It was also established that the exclusion of marginalized groups posed a significant challenge to the universal adoption of the system. Furthermore, the study found that inadequate data protection measures led to low public trust, with respondents voicing fears of data misuse and privacy violations. The study recommended that the government strengthen public participation through awareness campaigns and stakeholder engagements to increase adoption rates. It also recommended enhancing legal safeguards to provide a comprehensive regulatory framework for the digital identity system. To address exclusion, the study proposed targeted strategies for marginalized groups to ensure inclusivity. Lastly, the study emphasized the need for robust data protection mechanisms to build public trust and ensure the security of citizens’ personal data. These findings are expected to guide policymakers and stakeholders in addressing challenges and improving the implementation of digital identity systems in Kenya.
THE ROLE OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS IN PROMOTING GENDER POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN NAIROBI COUNTY. A CASE STUDY OF USIKIMYE ORGANIZATION IN KAYOLE SOWETO
(MUA, 2026-03) SHAMTE SABRA MARIAM
Women’s empowerment and gender equality are essential pillars in shaping national and global development priorities and policymaking. Despite the presence of progressive gender policies and legal frameworks in Kenya, gender disparities and rights violations continue to affect women in informal settlements. These challenges are more pronounced in urban informal settlements, where access to formal accountability mechanisms is often weak, and implementation of gender-related policies is limited. While the government has committed to reducing gender inequalities, the translation of gender policies into tangible change at the grassroots level remains inconsistent and under-researched. Grassroots women’s movements and other civil organizations play a vital role in turning gender policies into practical community action. This study is founded on the intersection of gender policy implementation and the role of Women’s Rights Organizations in promoting community-level accountability and change, specifically within the context of urban informal settlements in Kenya. This study seeks to examine the role of Usikimye, a grassroots women-led organization based in Kayole, Nairobi County, in promoting the implementation of gender policies within its area of operation. The research aims to explore how the organization translates policy into community-level action, the strategies it uses to raise awareness and foster accountability, and the challenges it encounters in this process. This study will employ a qualitative case study design, relying on data collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. It will target Usikimye staff, women beneficiaries, and relevant local stakeholders. The results from this study will advance existing literature on gender policy implementation by civil society actors and offer practical insights for policy makers, development partners, and grassroots organizations working in similar contexts. Gender mainstreaming has become central to national development discourse, policy-making, and global development goals.
INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON COMPLETION OF WATER PROJECTS IN LAMU COUNTY, KENYA.
(2026-04) STEPHEN ONYANGO OCHICH
The number of projects being commissioned in both the developing and developed world has become a momentous trend. These projects help governments, individuals and organizations to accomplish their strategic objectives. A project constitutes tangible and orderly effort directed towards the delivery of a unique product or service at a predetermined cost, schedule and quality It is in this respect, this study sought to evaluate the influence of transformational leadership on completion of water projects in Kenya, a case of the County of Lamu by looking at how inspirational, individualized and idealized influence affects completion of water projects in Lamu County. The study findings will provide the management with information regarding the current state of leadership and completion of water projects. The research study adopted descriptive research and a target population of 450 management level employees. Stratified random sampling was used to select a representative sample of 45 respondents representing 10% of target population Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using simple statistics and the use of MS excel. The data was presented using tables; the raw data gathered from the field will be coded before the generalization of the findings are made. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics and presented using charts and tables. The study examined the extent to which intellectual stimulation influence completion of water projects in the County of Lamu. It was revealed from the study findings that the County Government does not encourages organizational learning. The researcher further found out that the County Government has not has not allocated adequate funds for research and development. Nevertheless, the study established that the adequacy of resources allocated to research and development determines the rate of completion of water projects. In examining the influence of inspirational motivation of completion of water projects, it was established from analyzed data that the county administration is not keen on encouraging the principle of shared power and delegation in the management of water projects. The need for adequate attention to staff training and development for improved organisation wide performance was recommended. The study assessed the influence of Idealized influence on completion of water projects in Lamu County. The research revealed that the project managers may not observing high levels of work ethics and moral conduct in the execution of duties. |The need to encourage managers to observe ethics in their work was recommended. In examining how individualized consideration influences completion of water projects, the study established that the County Government Administration does not facilitate project staff training. The study recommends that managers at all levels need to be trained and well prepared on aspects of delegation and power sharing. This achievable through the provision of equal opportunities for professional growth and development. The study recommends that further study is conducted in the same topic in other organisations so as to benchmark the findings.
INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON COMPLETION OF WATER PROJECTS IN LAMU COUNTY, KENYA.
(MUA, 2026-04) STEPHEN ONYANGO OCHICH
The number of projects being commissioned in both the developing and developed world has become a momentous trend. These projects help governments, individuals and organizations to accomplish their strategic objectives. A project constitutes tangible and orderly effort directed towards the delivery of a unique product or service at a predetermined cost, schedule and quality It is in this respect, this study sought to evaluate the influence of transformational leadership on completion of water projects in Kenya, a case of the County of Lamu by looking at how inspirational, individualized and idealized influence affects completion of water projects in Lamu County. The study findings will provide the management with information regarding the current state of leadership and completion of water projects. The research study adopted descriptive research and a target population of 450 management level employees. Stratified random sampling was used to select a representative sample of 45 respondents representing 10% of target population Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using simple statistics and the use of MS excel. The data was presented using tables; the raw data gathered from the field will be coded before the generalization of the findings are made. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics and presented using charts and tables. The study examined the extent to which intellectual stimulation influence completion of water projects in the County of Lamu. It was revealed from the study findings that the County Government does not encourages organizational learning. The researcher further found out that the County Government has not has not allocated adequate funds for research and development. Nevertheless, the study established that the adequacy of resources allocated to research and development determines the rate of completion of water projects. In examining the influence of inspirational motivation of completion of water projects, it was established from analyzed data that the county administration is not keen on encouraging the principle of shared power and delegation in the management of water projects. The need for adequate attention to staff training and development for improved organisation wide performance was recommended. The study assessed the influence of Idealized influence on completion of water projects in Lamu County. The research revealed that the project managers may not observing high levels of work ethics and moral conduct in the execution of duties. |The need to encourage managers to observe ethics in their work was recommended. In examining how individualized consideration influences completion of water projects, the study established that the County Government Administration does not facilitate project staff training. The study recommends that managers at all levels need to be trained and well prepared on aspects of delegation and power sharing. This achievable through the provision of equal opportunities for professional growth and development. The study recommends that further study is conducted in the same topic in other organisations so as to benchmark the findings.
THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT EFFICIENCY IN KENYA. A CASE STUDY OF MACHAKOS COUNTY
(Management University of Africa, 2026-04) CAROL MWINA
In Machakos County, Kenya, this research looked at how building projects benefited from using new technologies. There were four main goals that guided the research: to find out how digital tool usage affects construction project efficiency, how automation of construction processes affect efficiency, how availability of ICT infrastructure affects efficiency, and how technology-enabled stakeholder collaboration affects efficiency. A descriptive research strategy was used in the study. Three hundred and seventeen people from 37 different public and private construction projects made up the target group. Thirty percent of the population of interest (95 participants) was selected using simple random selection in the research. A structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions based on a five-point Likert scale was used to gather data. Pilot research was carried out on 10% of the total sample before the main study to ensure the instrument's validity and reliability. To analyze the data, SPSS Version 29.0 was used once the data was coded. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, which include percentages, means, and standard deviations, as well as frequencies. With 89 returned surveys out of 95 sent out, the response percentage was 93.7%. Project management software improved coordination, according to 41 respondents (with 30 agreeing and 38 strongly agreeing), and Building Information Modeling enhanced planning accuracy, according to 38 respondents (with 33 agreeing); the results demonstrated that digital tool utilization significantly affected project efficiency. Also, the idea that automated equipment boosted production was well-received; 37 respondents strongly agreed and 31 agreed, indicating widespread support for automating building activities. Concerning the accessibility of information and communication technology infrastructure, 42 respondents were in strong agreement and 29 were in agreement that consistent internet access improved communication on building sites. More than half of respondents (41 to be exact) felt that digital communication platforms enhanced coordination among project stakeholders, and a similar percentage (30 to be exact) agreed that this was the case. Time, money, quality, resource utilization, and rework reduction were all areas where the results showed that technology adoption increased project performance. The research found that building projects were far more efficient and successful when digital tools, automation technologies, a sufficient information and communication technology infrastructure, and technology-enabled stakeholder interactions were effectively used. The research concluded that in order to facilitate effective project execution, construction companies should increase spending on digital project management systems, automated construction technology, and dependable information and communication technology infrastructure. In order to increase coordination among project stakeholders, it was also suggested that organizations should encourage the usage of digital collaboration platforms and boost training programs for construction experts to improve their technology abilities.