International Journal of Management & Leadership Studies IJMLS

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Globalization and Tele-collaboration in Classroom Teaching and Learner Engagement: Japanese Perspective
(Management University of Africa, 2016-11) Michael Greisamer
Globalization has brought the world closer together through economic, culture and language at a speed unprecedented in history. It is now possible to connect our students across continents through the Internet in the classroom. This paper will propose the use of Skype as a synchronous interaction tool. It will investigate how Skype’s communicative content affects the process of acquiring a second language and how to it changes the dynamics of classroom management. A collection of recorded video chat data between Japanese English learners and English learners from another country or background is the basis for a micro analytic process-oriented investigation conducted from a mixed methods perspective. Engagement will be operationalized quantitatively and qualitatively. The discourse collected from the learners will be measured and conversational analysis applied. Reflective journals and colleague’s feedback analyzed for perspective and further research.
Transformational Leadership Style, Internal Marketing and the Challenge of Sustaining Competitiveness in Public Universities in Kenya: Literature Review
(2016-11) Seth Odhiambo Odongo; Dr. Emmanuel Awuor
Thispaperpresentsliteraturereviewonsustainingcompetitivenessinpublicuniversities in Kenya. The overall objective of the study is to establish the effect of transformational leadership style on internal marketing in addressing the challenge of sustaining competitivenessin public universitiesin Kenya.Thestudy involved desk research of peer reviewed journal articles and texts on leadership styles, transformational leadership, internal marketing and their relationships to competitiveness of public universities in Kenya.Content analysiswhichinvolvedcategorizationofthesubjectinthematic areasfor reviewandpresentationwasused.Literaturereviewrevealedthatindeedcompetitiveness is bound to depend to a largeextent on attracting competitiveresource people, attractive courses, and attractive collaborations, sustainable programme funding and profitable operations.Thestudyrecommendstransformationalleadershipasaleadershipstylewhich inspires and motivates followers to achieve key competencies for the competitiveness of universities.
POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND VOTING BEHAVIOUR IN NORTH EASTERN REGION OF KENYA
(management university of africa, 2016-11) Aden, H. I1; Kithae, P. P2
Today, voters tend to evaluate party leaders based on a group of categories that incudes integrity, reliability, and competence. Such evaluation criterion is hardly considered irrational. This study aimed at establishing the effect of political leadership on voting behaviour in the north eastern part of Kenya. It used descriptive research design. The target population was 159 political leaders and 354, 061 registered voters. The sample size was made of 81 political leaders and 322 registered voters. Qualitative data was analysed by use of content analysis while quantitative data was analysed by use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The study established that leaders personalitytraits influence voting behaviour in North Eastern Kenya most followed by past performance, leadership style and leadership capacity. The study also found out that authoritarian leaders employ coercive tactics to enforce the rule and manipulate people in decision making while transformational leaders demonstrate human understanding and guide others in creating and embracing a vision. Finally, social dominance, communication cues, political ideology, and competence were found to be a major influence on voting behaviour in North Eastern Kenya. The study recommends that political leaders should be made to avoid authoritarian leadership. Instead, they should employ servant leadership, charismatic leadership and transformational leadership. Leadersshould ensure stakeholdersinvolvement in decision-making, project implementation and avoid voter manipulations.
Integration and use of Information and Communication Technologies in the Management of County Governments in Kenya: A Case of Machakos County
(management university of africa, 2016-11) Okeyo, W. O Deputy Vice-Chancellor; Kioko, S.K
ICT is the engine of growth in every country, especially in young economies that are now growing. These economies are currently equipping their citizens with knowledge in information technology since it is the fastest way to good governance in the emerging information economies globally. However, integration and use of ICT is affected by many factors. The study used cross sectional survey with a sample of 118 employees from Machakos County collected primary data using questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, correlation and aggregation data collection methods were used in the study. From the study, it was found that ICT infrastructure and staff competence both have significant influence the integration and the use ICT in the management of county government of Machakos. Thus, the study concludes that ICT infrastructure and staff competence are important factors that the county should address with regards to the incorporation and the use of information and communication technologies. The study recommends investment to upgrade the infrastructure and training of staff to improve delivery of service by the county governments
Access to financial services by women entrepreneurs in Migori County: A Case of West Sakwa Ward
(management university of africa, 2016-11) Arnot, L1; Arnot, L1
Women entrepreneurs’ access to finance services is crucial to the economic development and growth in a particular area. They need to have access to financial services to make their work easier regarding saving, investing and even insuring their businesses against disasters like the fire that can lead to many losses. Accessing financial services improves the living standards and reduces the economic dependency of individuals, families and even groups. It is a fundamental aspect towards poverty reduction and development of a particular area since it opens up employment opportunities, attracts both local and foreign investors, leads to the development of infrastructure and economic growth. The study aimed at exploring the factors affecting women entrepreneurs’ access to financial services in Migori County, West Sakwa ward. Given that their financial access restricted regarding options available, there are few m-past shops, one Equity bank agent and KCB mtaani agent, all owned by one person worsening the situation in case the owner has an emergency to attend to or is not around. Determination of the effects of financial exclusion and effects of economic illiteracy on women entrepreneurs’ access to financial services in Migori County, West Sakwa ward were the specific objectives. The study usedrandom sampling method and 378 female entrepreneurs of Migori County, West Sakwa ward as the appropriate sample size. The study adopted descriptive design. The study was conducted in West Sakwa ward, Migori County. Data collection was done by using questionnaires; SPSS was used to analyze the data collected. The analyzed data was submitted in various forms; charts, graphs, and tables. The major findings of the studyestablished that culture is the greatest barriers to access to financial services for the womenentrepreneurs, small levels of education has had a great impact on their access to financial services, more than half of the respondents only have the primary school education.
A Way Forward in Developing Globally Competent Human Resources
(management university of africa, 2016-11) Wayne Malcolm
The major objective of this paperisto bring togethertwowaysofthinkinginorderto create a decision-making framework for developing practicalsolutionsto complex issues.In one bracket o fthe framework,Ludwigvon Bertalanffy’s general systems theory provides away to gain anunderstandingforthemacro-context ofasociety.Simultaneously,PauloFreire’s ideas onempowering individualsthrough liberationliteracy programs allowsforindividuals atthegrassrootstogainthenecessarytoolstocriticallyengagetheirsurroundingssocially, politicallyandeconomically.Thispaperisderivedfromalarger qualitative casestudy.The methodology and design allowed freedom and access to explore abstract ideas hoping to reveal important understandings about how socio-economic institutions can work together. This paper is basically a literature review and analysis of Japan’s current state of affairs with a focus on the challenges of building a globally competent workforce for the future. In this paper, as well asthe larger study, the case of Japan is used to illustrate and maketangible various ideas, concepts, and recommendations. Although the context is Japan the recommendations can be a model for other nations. This aligns with the main findings, which are that greater cooperation between government, academia, and business, in the Japanese context, need to be fostered while empowering local actors to be more critically engaged in developing solutions to societies challenges. Also, furtherstudy of these socio-economic institutions needs to be done because of their complex operational realities. Keywords: business, government, higher education, Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Paulo Freir
Determinants of Choice of Finance by Coffee Farmers in Machakos County
(management university of affrica, 2016-11) Songa, P1 ,; Cheluget, J.K
Coffee farming in Kenya has faced numerous challenges over time ranging from land ownership to access to information, cultural beliefs and collateral challenges to acquisition of bank credit. This study aims to establish the determinants of choice of finance by coffee farmers in Machakos County Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive approach which utilized both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. The study used questionnaires to collect data from a sample of ninety-six (96) respondents. Multiple regression analysis was undertaken to test the relationship between the independent variable (collateral, interest rates, bureaucracy and accessibility to financial institutions) and the dependent variable (choice of finance). The findings indicate that R is 0.726, R2 is 0.527 and adjusted R2 is 0.5905. ANOVA of the data showed that F calculated is greater than F critical (26.361>2.49), indicating that the overall model was reliable in predicting the relationship between the independent variable (collateral, interest rates, bureaucracy and accessibility to financial institutions) and the dependent variable (choice of finance).The study concludes that there was a statistically significant association between collateral, interest rates, bureaucracy and accessibility to financial institutions and selection of funding as the p values 0.039, 0.001, 0.015, 0.011 and 0.018 are less than 0.05 at 5% level of significance. The study recommends that government and financial institutions, as well as other lending institutions, should consider coming up with policies and procedures geared towards catering for specific credit needs of farmers.
POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND VOTING BEHAVIOUR IN NORTH EASTERN REGION OF KENYA
(management university of africa, 2016-11) Aden, H. I1 Real Estate Manager and Researcher; Kithae, P. P2 Director, Research Development and Innovations Management University of Africa, Kenya
Today, voters tend to evaluate party leaders based on a group of categories that incudes integrity, reliability, and competence. Such evaluation criterion is hardly considered irrational. This study aimed at establishing the effect of political leadership on voting behavior in the northeastern part of Kenya. It used descriptive research design. The target population was 159 political leaders and 354, 061 registered voters. The sample size was made of 81 political leaders and 322 registered voters. Qualitative data was analyzed by use of content analysis while quantitative data was analyzed by use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The study established that leader's personality traits influence voting behavior in Northeastern Kenya most followed by past performance, leadership style and leadership capacity. The study also found out that authoritarian leaders employ coercive tactics to enforce the rule and manipulate people in decision-making while transformational leaders demonstrate human understanding and guide others in creating and embracing a vision. Finally, social dominance, communication cues, political ideology, and competence were found to be a major influence on voting behaviors in Northeastern Kenya. The study recommends that political leaders should be made to avoid authoritarian leadership. Instead, they should employ servant leadership, charismatic leadership and transformational leadership. Leaders should ensure stakeholders involvement in decision-making, project implementation and avoid voter manipulations.Keywords; Leaders’ personality traits: Leadership style, political parties, voting.
Terrorist Radicalization, Recruitment, and Prevention in Kenya: ACritical Literature Review
(management university of africa, 2016-11) Dr. Washington O. Okeyo, Ph.D1 , Deputy Vice-Chancellor,; Mr. Abdiwahab S. Abdisamad, M.Phil, MA, Senior Research Fellow,
Research and interest on terrorism has increased several folds in the last few decades in many countries. Terrorism is known to have a significant effect on security and socio economic performance of many countries across the globe. This paper investigates the role of radicalization and recruitment of individuals into terror groups and terrorist activities. The paper uses theoretical analysis approach to examine secondary paper obtained from various secondary sources globally. The review uses qualitative methods comprised mainly of content analysis to identify mentions of relevant terms as the main method. It then proposes possible prevention measures in the Kenya and Somalia context. The analysis has established that terrorism is a global phenomenon and has intensified especially since the emergence of terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda, Boko Haram, Al Shabab, and Islamic State. This paper shows that Al Shabab and Al Qaeda members including Kenyans have participated in several terrorist attacks globally. The paper finds that terrorist radicalization and recruitment mostly targets the youth through indoctrination based on extreme ideology, brainwashing; and rejection of status quo, freedom of expression, and modern ideas. A key finding is that contrary to belief linking terrorism to religion and ethnicity, empirical evidence indicates that economic circumstances top the list for individuals joining terrorist groups. The study concludes that radicalization and recruitment has increased tremendously in the recent past two decades. The study recommends that Kenya and Somalia governments should intensify credible intelligence gathering and response, build trust among ordinary citizens, improve on counter-intelligence, set up proper systems for de-radicalizing and resettling youth disengaging from terrorist activities, and institute measures for establishing livelihood engagements for all youth. The study also suggests that governments should deal with radicalization at grassroots level by including its causes, effects, and prevention in social studies starting from primary school level.Key Words: Al Shabab, Prevention, Radicalization, Recruitment, TerrorisResearch and interest on terrorism has increased several folds in the last few decades in many countries. Terrorism is known to have a significant effect on security and socio economic performance of many countries across the globe. This paper investigates the role of radicalization and recruitment of individuals into terror groups and terrorist activities. The paper uses theoretical analysis approach to examine secondary paper obtained from various secondary sources globally. The review uses qualitative methods comprised mainly of content analysis to identify mentions of relevant terms as the main method. It then proposes possible prevention measures in the Kenya and Somalia context. The analysis has established that terrorism is a global phenomenon and has intensified especially since the emergence of terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda, Boko Haram, Al Shabab, and Islamic State. This paper shows that Al Shabab and Al Qaeda members including Kenyans have participated in several terrorist attacks globally. The paper finds that terrorist radicalization and recruitment mostly targets the youth through indoctrination based on extreme ideology, brain washing; and rejection of status quo, freedom of expression, and modern ideas. A key finding is that contrary to belief linking terrorism to religion and ethnicity, empirical evidence indicates that economic circumstances top the list for individuals joining terrorist groups. The study concludes that radicalization and recruitment has increased tremendously in the recent past two decades. The study recommends that Kenya and Somalia governments should intensify credible intelligence gathering and response, build trust among ordinary citizens, improve on counter-intelligence, set up proper systems for de-radicalizing and resettling youth disengaging from terrorist activities, and institute measures for establishing livelihood engagements for all youth. The study also suggests that governments should deal with radicalization at grassroots level by including its causes, effects, and prevention in social studies starting from primary school level.Key Words: Al Shabab, Prevention, Radicalization, Recruitment, Terrorism.
Appointments of Vice-Chancellors in Universities in Kenya: The Nexus between Ethnicity and University Employment
(management university of africa, 2016-11) Siringi, E. M1 , Academic Leader, Master of Development Studies Programme,; Letting, N2 , The Vice Chancellor
UNIVERSITIES by their very nature should embrace diversity in their structures and the selection and appointments of its human resources especially at the top echelons.However, Kenya as a country faces a challenge of ethnicity which is persistently in the media houses year in year out. This article interrogates this critical issue with special reference to appointments of Vice Chancellors in universities in Kenya and assess how these has affected negatively the process of development in universities and Kenya as a country. Using desk and content analysis research approach, a survey of empirical and theoretical studies were studied and research findings obtained. The study reveals that nepotism and tribalism practices are taking a centre stage in employment of staff in public universities contrary to laid down employment guidelines by the Government of Kenya. Further, appointment of Vice-Chancellors in public universities is skewed towards six major tribes in Kenya, contrary to equal employment opportunities legislations enacted by parliament relating to gender affirmative action as well as the marginalized groups and persons living with disability. The study concludes that the marginalized and persons living with disability are groups affected and therefore not benefitted appointments even after the promulgation of new Constitution of 2010. The study recommends review of the criteria and procedure of appointment to curb ethnicity and nepotism in order to ensure that inclusivity of the gender, marginalized and persons living with disability is catered for. Key words: Ethnicity, Development, Tribalism, University appointment, Vice Chancellor.
Collaboration Between Japanese and East African Universities: Creating Conversations to Promote Research and Understanding Among Faculty Members
(management university of africa, 2016-11) Michael Parrish Assistant Professor Kwansei Gakuin University
Collaboration between and across universities on a personal rather than an institutional level is an effective way of sharing and learning from each other. All departments can gain from this type of collaborative effort between colleagues of different and even competing institutions. New or inexperienced university lecturers often struggle with the demands of university instruction and research. An exchange of ideas and points of view between instructors of varied levels of experience, or from different disciplines and institutions leads to deep professional growth and creates opportunities for career advancement. This paper will present a brief overview of the literature regarding practice and theory of academic collaboration, examine the benefits of inter- and intra-institutional collaboration, analyze one case study of collaboration between faculty members at three Japanese universities and present a list of suggestions for implementation of academic collaboration in the East African context. Keywords: collaboration, cross-cultural communication, university faculty development.
Lessons for Leadership from North America and East Africa: Contextualizing Post-colonial Historical Hindrances and Tribal Discordance
(management university of africa, 2016-11) Richard Miller, Kobe Gakuin University
As indigenous and native people of post-colonial societies worldwide continue to lag socio-economically throughout the world, a historical look at some of the root causes necessary for leaders to comprehend issues that they are facing. The search for explanations requires a focus on the sickness of inner warring and conflict that expands outward from within small family units to clans and tribes. This sickness as much a symptom of the greater problem of colonial history as it is a problem unto itself. So, it is important to review and understand the causes in order to tackle the problem, and to learn from different experiences. The first peoples of the Americas have a long history of oppression that helps to explain much of what happened in the areas that were colonized later. This paper will compare some of the shared historical challenges and post-colonial trauma of North America and East Africa and investigate positive paths to build peaceful and prosperous societies. Keywords: Africa, Americas, Colonialism, Economic Development, Indigenous people, North America, Post-Colonial studies.
Challenges facing street families rehabilitation programmes in Kenya: A case study of Nairobi county
(management university of africa, 2020-01) Waruinge Muhindi
The phenomenon with of people working and living on the street is a growing social problem in both developing and developed countries. The overall objective of this study was to explore the challenges facing street family's rehabilitation programmes in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to investigate the socio-economic, environmental and caregiving challenges in the rehabilitation of street families. The study was guided by medical theory of rehabilitation. The study used simple random sampling that sampled 125 respondents out of the 250 rehabilitations centers supported by the Street Families Program. Data were collected using structured questionnaire, coded, keyed and analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics. Analysis of study findings established that families are facing an array of challenges occasioned by the erosion of the traditional extended families coupled with rapid urbanization. As a result, these boys and girls are stripped of their childhood and sent to the streets to live without parental care. It is here that they are exposed to constant hazards, both physically and psychologically; and this leads to their early exposure to vices, such as drugs, sex and criminal activities. This results to high rates of recidivism and low reintegration rates to their communities. The study strongly recommended that caregivers should be trained on skills on how to provide rehabilitation services. A training manual should be developed to deal with the issue, which can be used as a tool for training of trainers. The physical and environmental challenges facing rehabilitation of street families should be addressed to increase the suitability of rehabilitation centers by provision of recreational and adequate facilities for their development. Besides, rehabilitation centers must address individual needs, such as counseling and guidance, food, shelter and training to those in rehabilitation programmes. The caregivers need to be given training in psycho social skills and continuous counselling for the to effectively manage the rehabilitation programs.
Access to business information, business finance, managerial skills and performance of SMES in Kenya
(management university of africa, 2020-01) Benard Ngetich,; Peter Paul Kithae,
Many studies have established that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are becoming increasingly important in terms of development and innovations. However, many firms perform dismally and fail to grow. It has also been established that there is high mortality rate of SMEs within two years of their operations. Given this high failure rate, it has become necessary to conduct a study on the factors that affect SMEs performance and thus progress to the growth phase of organizational life cycle. This study sought to establish factors affecting performance of SMEs in Kenya. Its specific objectives were to investigate effect of access to business information on performance of SMEs in Kenya, to find out how access to finance affect performance of SMEs in Kenya and to establish the effect of managerial skills on performance of SMEs in Kenya. The study employed a descriptive research design based on desk research to achieve the objectives. Among variables that were found to positively affect business performance were access to business information and managerial skills. However, access to finance was found to negatively affect business performance. The study concluded that access to business information and managerial skills are key socio-economic factors affecting business performance of SMEs. A major recommendation of the study is that the government should start providing crucial business information and improve policies on SME's access to business finance as this will enable enterprises to make informed investment decisions as well as enhance their entrepreneurial skills to enable them to recognize and exploit the available business opportunities. Keywords: Small and Micro Enterprises, performance, Investment decisions.
Internet of Things (IoT) and quality of higher education in Kenya; A literature review
(Management university of africa, 2020-01) Nicholas Letting; James Mwikya
African governments have declared the twenty-first century 'as a knowledge era'. Kenya in particular, education more so university education is expected to play an increasingly greater role in socio-economic development by training skilled manpower and producing and disseminating the knowledge required for a knowledge-driven economy. As such, this education—technology relationship has been spotlighted as part of education policy and practice. Complaints about falling education standards, unemployable students, redundant curricula and backward institutional organization, have therefore been punctuated by the debates about the role and place of technologies in the classrooms. Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing network of a variety of different 'connected things.' Use of IoT in academics is a new wave of change that has brought new opportunities and possibilities for the improvement of both teaching/learning process and educational institutions' infrastructure. The study recommends that the enterprise architecture in the institutions of higher learning need to reduce latency time because of the demand for content in instructional technologies. There is need to develop new strategies that consider an individual's privacy, choices and expectations, whilst still promote innovation in new technologies and services. Higher education must come up with new ideas to finance an information technology infrastructure and services. Key Words: QWHUQHW RI 7KLQJV ,R7 7HFKQRORJ\ (GXFDWLRQ , QIUDVWUXFWXUH14 | International Journal of Management and Leadership Studie
Leadership style, resource availability and performance of small and medium enterprises in Kenya: A case study of Varomatech Limited, Nairobi
(management university of africa, 2020-01) Martin Kariuki Kiruthu; Juster Gatumi Nyaga; Diana Opollo
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between leadership style, resource availability and performance of small and medium enterprises. Specifically, the study focused on determining how leadership style and resource availability affect the performance of the small and medium enterprises. The results of the study sought to benefit the small and medium enterprises, customers in the small and medium enterprises as well as other scholars and researchers. The study was triggered by high variation and high record of defective in the industry as evidence by Toyota recall of 8.8 million vehicles due to problems with the accelerator. The study employed descriptive research design. The target population for the study was 482 staff at Aromatic Limited which is one of the small and medium enterprise. During data collection, 145 staff working in the organization were sampled using stratified simple random sampling. Questionnaires were physically administered to the sample population. A pilot study was conducted to test the accuracy of the research instruments to ensure reliability and validity of research data. Descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation was used to analyze data. The relationship between independent and dependent variables was determined using regression model using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Research findings were presented using graphs, pie charts and frequency tables. The research findings indicate that resource availability explains 53.6 percent of organizational performance at Aromatic Limited. The research findings further indicated that leadership style did not have statistically significant impact on performance at Aromatic Limited. The study therefore concluded that resource availability had positive and significant impact on performance at Aromatic Limited. The researcher therefore recommends that top management should determine the optimal resources needed and provide those resources for effective performance. Key Words: /HDGHUVKLS VW\OH 5HVRXUFH DYDLODELOLW\ VPDOO DQG PHGLXP HQWHUSULVHV
Managing change in media transition from print to multi-platform delivery: A case of Kenyan newspapers
(management university of africa, 2020-01) Onyinge A. T Communications Consultant; Kithae, P. Peter Director, Research Development and Innovations
Emerging challenges of the Internet and digitization on print media has resulted in loss of circulation and advertising revenue, job cuts and sometimes, closure of media companies. In the midst of these challenges is the pressure on the print companies to transition to multi-platform delivery. Whereas it is generally stated that developing economies still exhibit a prospering newspaper industry, the challenge of the Internet and digitization has been found to affect most Kenyan media. This paper involved literature review and document analysis to investigate the trends that have compelled newspapers in the first world to transition to Internet and digitized modes of news delivery, in order to understand the strategies that have bolstered management of this change process. Specific objectives were to investigate how digitization has affected profitability of media houses in Kenya and secondly, to find out the strategies that media houses use to cope with challenges resulting from Internet and digitization. The paper found out that most of the newspaper readership traffic has migrated to the Internet, with content increasingly being delivered through electronic devices such as computers, smart phones, e-readers and tablets; and that the print media have managed to continue surviving the Internet and digitization threats due to effective use of new media management models, and strengthening of technical and leadership skills of the media managers. The paper concludes that there is need for the print media to devise an appropriate change process to effectively counter the effect of Internet and digitization on content and revenue. Among recommendations of the paper is that empirical research be conducted in Kenya to establish the extent to which digitization and Internet have affected its traditional business model to inform the process of change. Key Words: Convergence; Digitization; Multi-platform approach; Print media.
Corporate social responsibility practice and organizational performance of Nzoia Sugar Ccompany Limited, Kenya
(management university of africa, 2020-01) Simiyu Judith
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a strategy used by organizations to achieve their Performance as well as benefit the community. Nzoia Sugar Company is one of the organizations that embrace CSR practice and therefore it is expected to have good performance. The company experiences challenges such as inadequate supply of raw materials as a result of inefficiency in payment of suppliers and limited profits as a result of less sales, among others. The purpose of the study was to examine how corporate social responsibility practice affected organizational performance. The study was guided by stakeholder theory which puts emphasis on the need for organizations to secure the interests of stakeholders and shareholders. Data collection was done by structured and semi-structured questionnaires and interviews guides. The reliability of the instruments was checked by use of Cronbach's alpha which was 0.78 that was high enough, while validity was checked by use of content validity index whose value was 0.66. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to establish the relationship between the variables. The test was conducted at p< 01 and p< 05 significance level. The results indicated that sponsorship of sports had the highest influence on performance with correlation of r = 0.761, followed by educational support with r = 0.672. Promotion of community health and supporting income generating activities had r = 0.488 and r = 0.540 respectively. Findings provide insights about the type of CSR activities that may be important in influencing performance of companies. The company can also make their CSR practice known to the community and beyond through advertisements. Key ds: RUSRUDWH 6RFLDO 5HVSRQVLELOLW\ 2UJDQL] DWLRQDO 3HUIRUPDQFH DQG 3UDFWLFH 78 | International Journal of Management and Leadership Studies.
Climate adaptation partnerships for enhanced adaptive capacity: The case of fodder production among the communities in the lower Eastern Kenya
(management university of africa, 2020-01) Charles Kisigwa Ikutwa
Crop and livestock production are major subsectors of agriculture upon which most rural households in Kenya depend for their livelihoods. However, these subsectors are the most affected by climate variability and change, especially in the dry lands. Drought which is one of the major manifestations of climate change has become more common and frequent with adverse effects, leading to massive crop failures and livestock mortalities. Various stakeholders and institutions have been involved in a number of multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary programs aimed at enhancing adaption to climate change among the local communities particularly in the dry lands of Kenya. A desktop-based study was adopted for in-depth literature review to evaluate partnerships that various stakeholders and institutions have adopted and how they have impacted adaptation to climate change in Kibwezi sub-county, in the lower eastern dry lands of Kenya. This study found that the local community members, KALRO, FAO of the United Nations, and the national and county governments have collaborated and partnered at various levels in not only to enhance fodder production and marketing for improved spatial-temporal availability of pastures for livestock but also as an alternative source of income through the sale of hay and grass seeds. This intervention will enhance adoption of fodder Keywords: adaptation, climate change, fodder production, marketing, partnerships.
Technological innovations and entrepreneurial growth in developing countries 1
(management university of africa, 2020-01) Duncan Barkebo Chepchieng & Dr P. P. Kithae
This paper set out to review studies that have been done in the area of technological innovation and the growth of entrepreneurship in developing countries. Specifically, the review aimed at examining the challenges facing entrepreneurial growth in developing countries and develop a conceptual foundation that demonstrates the synergy between entrepreneurial growth and technological innovation in developing countries. The literature review found out that entrepreneurial growth in developing countries face challenges associated with the entrepreneurial environment and the individual capacity of entrepreneurs. However, even beyond these, entrepreneurial growth in developing countries still faces a distinct lag in the diffusion of technological innovations from developed countries. This is partly due to low and falling levels of investment in R&D and huge bureaucracies in government procedures. The study concluded that technological innovation has a positive role in entrepreneurial growth in developing countries and thus investment in building the capacity of entrepreneurs, partnerships and collaborations that stimulate technological innovations are critical if the benefits that entrepreneurship offers are to be realized. Keywords 7HFKQRORJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQ (QWUHSUHQHXUVKLS (QWUHSUHQHXULDO *URZWK , QQRYDWLRQ.